1. HIST 2117: Modern Germany Spring 2014
Lecture Eight: The Kulturkampf and Social Integration

2. Grunderzeit Pseudo-Democratization and Aristocratic Attitudes
Urbanization and New Elites
Military as “School of Nation”
Big Business
Second Industrial Revolution
Cartelization

3. Cultural and Religious Division in Germany
Bismarck’s Vision of Unity under Prussia
Rudolf Virchow and Protestant Attitudes Towards Catholicism
The Perceived Threat of Ultramontanism
Papacy of Piux IX
Windthorst and the Rise of the Center Party

4. Steps to Suppression of Catholic Culture
Pulpit Paragraph 1871
Adalbert Falk -- May Laws 1873
Papal Encyclical of 1875
Center Party and Catholic Faith

5. Second Thoughts on Catholic Repression
Liberal Backlash
Catholic Labor Movement
Negotiations with Windthorst
Death of Pius IX

6. Reichsfeinde/Reichsfreunde
Kulturkampf as Expression of Bismarck’s Divide and Conquer Strategy
Other Scapegoats
Adolf Stoecker – Christian Social Party
Agricultural Cooperative Movement