1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chapter 20
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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2. Chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterium that is spread by sexual contact and infects the genital organs of males and females
One of the major sexually transmitted diseases
Nongonococcal urethritis - refers to chlamydia infection in males
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3. Symptoms Male: thin, clear discharge and mild discomfort on urination
Women: asymptomatic
Treatment - curable with azithromycin or doxycycline
Prevention - screening, consistent use of a condom
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4. HPV Human papilloma virus - causes genital warts
Diagnosis - inspection of the warts, analysis of DNA
Treatment - podophyllin acid, cryotherapy, laser therapy
Vaccine - currently being tested
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5. Genital Herpes
A disease of the genital organs caused by the herpes simplex virus Type II
Symptoms - small, painful bumps or blisters on the genitals on vaginal lips on females and penis on males
45 million Americans (22%) are infected
Treatment - no cure; drug acyclovir prevents or reduces symptoms
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6. Long-Term Consequences
Complications such as meningitis or narrowing of the urethra, increases risk of becoming infected with HIV, risk of transferring virus from mother to infant in childbirth
Psychological aspects - help patients learn to cope with disease
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7. HIV Infection and AIDS AIDS - acquired immune deficiency syndrome
HIV - human immune deficiency virus; the virus that causes AIDS
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8. HIV Infection and AIDS
An epidemic? Dec more than 640,000 persons in the U.S. have been diagnosed with AIDS
Transmission - exchange of body fluids, contaminated blood, contaminated needles, infected woman to baby during pregnancy or childbirth
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9. The Virus HIV is one of a group of retroviruses
The disease - 4 classes of HIV infection:
Initial infection
Asymptomatic carrier state
Lymphadenopathy - symptoms develop
AIDS
Diagnosis - ELISA, Western blot or immunoblot method
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10. Treatment No cure for AIDS AZT - antiviral drug DDI
Protease inhibitors
Pentamidine
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11. Women, Children, Ethnic Minorities, and AIDS
About 90% of the cases of AIDS in the U.S. have been men
Number of infected women is rising rapidly
9.2 million women worldwide are infected with HIV
Psychological considerations in AIDS - need for sensitivity
Recent progress in AIDS research - work on vaccine, research on nonprogressors, Chemokines
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12. Gonorrhea Also called clap or drip; caused by a bacterium
Symptoms - puslike discharge and painful, burning urination in male but asymptomatic in female
Diagnosis - sample of discharge is examined
Treatment - antibiotic such as ceftriaxon
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13. Syphilis Caused by a bacterium Symptoms - chancre Stages: Primary
Secondary
Latent
Late
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14. Diagnosis Physical exam, exam fluid from chancre
Blood tests - VDRL; Venereal Disease Research Laboratory of the U.S. Public Health Service
Treatment - penicillin
Elimination of syphilis? Not eliminated as of yet
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15. Viral Hepatitis A disease of the liver
Symptom - enlarged liver that is somewhat tender
5 types of viral hepatitis: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E
Treatment - rest, vaccine for hepatitis B
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16. Pubic Lice Also called crabs
Tiny lice that attach to the base of pubic hairs and feed on blood from their human host
Symptom - itching
Treatment - lindane
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17. Preventing STDs Limit oneself to monogamous relationships
Condoms can help
Careful washing
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18. Other Genital Infections
Vaginitis - vaginal inflammation
Monilia - yeast infection
Trichomoniasis
Nonspecific vaginitis
Cystitis - infection of the urinary bladder in women
Prostatitis - inflammation of the prostate gland
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