1. The Jefferson Era

2. Jeffersonian Era Timeline
1801
- Thomas
Jefferson is
Elected president
Tripoli Declares war on the US
1804
- Jefferson is reelected
- Lewis & Clark Expedition
1808
James Madison Elected President
1812
War of 1812 begins
1815
Battle of New Orleans is fought
1803
Louisiana Purchase is made
1807
Embargo Act
1811
Battle of Tippecanoe
1814
British attack Washington, D.C.

3. Election of 1800 Contested by two (2) political parties
Federalist led by John Adams
Democratic-Republicans – Thomas Jefferson
Each party thought the other was endangering the nation
Democratic-Republicans
Thought they were saving the nation from potential monarchy and oppression
Wanted a strict interpretation of the Constitution
Federalists
Thought the nation was about to be ruined by radicals
They remembered the violence of the French Revolution and that the Democratic-Republicans supported the revolution.
Wanted a “loose” interpretation of the Constitution to reflect changes in society

4. Election of 1800
Each elector could vote for only one presidential candidate but could vote two times. There were no separate ballots for President/Vice President
When the ballots are cast Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tie with 73 electoral votes each. Neither candidate had received the majority

5. The Election of 1800 (cont) John Adams came in third
The House of Representatives had to break the tie.
Federalists controlled the House and many feared Jefferson’s liberal views
However, most believed he was the best choice for the country over Burr.
Jefferson became president and Aaron Burr became the Vice-president

6. Election of 1800 Jefferson Burr Adams Pinckney Jay 73 73 65 64 1
276 Total Votes

7. 12th Amendment
As a result of the election of 1800, a new method of voting in the electoral college was created in the 12th amendment
The amendment calls for separate ballots to be cast for President and Vice-President

8. Jefferson’s Philosophy
He wanted the nation to remain mainly small, independent farmers
He wanted the national government to have less power
Humble despite role of President
Wanted a country of “gentleman farmers”

9. Jefferson’s Presidency
Sought to undo Federalist policies
Alien and Sedition Acts were either repealed or allowed to expire.
Released people imprisoned during the Alien and Sedition Acts
Ended taxes imposed by the Federalist (the Whiskey Tax)
Cut “big government” due to a lack of revenue.
Reduced the military
Reduced government debt

10. Jefferson vs. the Judicial Branch
John Adams appointed the “Midnight Judges” prior to leaving office.
John Marshall appointed as Chief Justice
Federalist
Opposed Democratic-Republican views and attempts to decrease power of the courts
Marbury vs. Madison
Established the grounds for “judicial review”
The Supreme Court had the power to declare laws created by Congress unconstitutional
Helped create a lasting balance among the three branches of government.

11. Louisiana Purchase-1803 Area is controlled by France
Port of New Orleans is very important
James Monroe is sent to Paris to arrange purchase of New Orleans

12. Louisiana Purchase-1803
Initially, Napoleon has designs on a North American empire
Slave revolt in Santo Domingo ends interest in North America.
Pierre Toussaint L’Ouverture
Jean-Jacques Dessalines

14. Louisiana Purchase Jefferson wanted to purchase New Orleans
France needed money for their war in Europe
Napoleon offers all of the Louisiana Territory.
Jefferson concerned with “constitutionality” of the President buying land
Approved for $15 million or 3 cents/acre
Doubled the size of the United States.
Sent Lewis and Clark out to explore the new territory.

15. Lewis and Clark expedition
Congress appropriates $2,500 for an expedition.
In a message to Congress, Jefferson wrote:
"The river Missouri, and Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, and consequently with us.... An intelligent officer, with ten or twelve chosen men ... might explore the whole line, even to the Western Ocean..."

16. Lewis and Clark Find the source of the Missouri River
Continue to the Western Ocean
Chart the topography
Survey the wildlife
Survey the plant-life and vegetation
Determine the Northwest's natural resources, inhabitants, and possibilities for settlement.

18. Lewis and Clark
Sacagawea, wife of a French Canadian fur trader, served as a translator and guide
Statue in Bismarck, N.D.

19. Foreign Affairs issues
Barbary Wars
Embargo Act 1807

20. Barbary Pirates
Barbary Coast – Current day Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya.
Muslims expected tribute paid for not attacking American ships
Pirates operate under the approval of their respective governments
Americans held for ransom
The U.S. is forced to bulk up its navy in the face of this threat
No resolution despite Naval victories and the problem continued

21. Barbary Pirates
The USS Philadelphia during the first Barbary War

22. Embargo Act 1807
Jefferson wants to show Britain and France that they need American neutral shipping
He bans American ships from foreign ports and foreign trade coming and going
Act is passed late Dec. 1807

23. Embargo Act-1807
American exports drop from $108 million to $22 million
The Embargo Act is ruthlessly enforced as a means of using diplomacy to deal with Britain and France
It is disastrous to the American economy and will be repealed after 14 months—just 3 days before Jefferson’s retirement