1. Chapter 21 Topic 8.2 Part 2 and 8.3

2. MLK Fourth generation Minister
Rose to prominence during the Montgomery Bus Boycott
The most important Civil Rights Movement leader

3. Sought to awaken moderate Americans
Lived with constant death threats and physical intimidation

4. Kennedy and Civil Rights
Actively courted black votes
Proposed Civil Rights legislation, but was blocked by Southern Congressmen

5. Was accused to have moved slowing on Civil Rights issues
Kennedy did not want to lose Congressional Support.

6. March on Washington - 1963 “March for Jobs and Freedom”
Opposed by Kennedy, who didn’t want to alienate southern congressmen

7. Scorned by many Black Nationalist Groups
Became a very powerful symbol

8. “I Have a Dream” speech

9. Johnson and Civil rights
Picked up where Kennedy left off
Johnson did MUCH further than Kennedy did on Civil Rights legislation

10. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 Banned different voting standards
Banned discriminations in public places
Banned discrimination on the base of race, sex, age, religion or nation of origin

11. “We have lost the south for a generation”. - LBJ

12. Freedom Summer - 1964 Mostly college students (white and black)
Sought to register voters

13. Subject to extreme violence
Churches and houses were burned and bombed
James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerman were murdered

14. Selma Protest led by MLK Violence against protestors
LBJ supports with federal troops

15. Led to important legislation: Voting Rights Act of 1965 24th Amendment
Federal officials could register voters
24th Amendment
Banned Poll taxes

16. The Rise of Black Nationalism

17. The Rise of Black Nationalism
Many disavowed non-violence, felt it did not work, or took too long.
“We shall overcome” became “We shall overrun”

18. Sought to build up black pride and black communities
Members were almost exclusively black
US Olympic Sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics

19. Black Panthers Most influential Black Nationalist group
Originally created to monitor police in California
Members sought to
Rebuild communities
Set up “Survival Programs”

20. Clashed with police, violence was not uncommon
Bobby Seale and Huey Newton, founders of the Black Panthers, Oakland CA

21. Malcolm X Born to activist parents
Outstanding student in Junior High, dropped out
Turned to a life of “hustling”

22. Joins Nation of Islam in Prison
Emerges from prison with a purpose
Very critical of MLK and non-violence, very distrusting of white society.

23. "At one time the whites in the United States called him a racialist, and extremist, and a Communist. Then the Black Muslims came along and the whites thanked the Lord for Martin Luther King."

24. Prominent leader of Nation of Islam, then splits from group
Goes on Hajj (pilgrimage)

25. Elijah Muhammad, leader of the
Returns a different man
More inclusive to whites, and other groups
Blacks still have the right to defend themselves
1965 – Allegedly Assassinated by the Nation of Islam
Elijah Muhammad, leader of the
Nation of Islam

26. 1968
Assassinations of MLK leads to widespread rioting and disillusionment.
The Civil Rights movement is robbed of its most prominent leaders

27. LBJ does not run for re-election
RFK assassinated

28. Tensions run high throughout the country; minor incidents set off riots that last for days, and destroy black neighborhoods.

29. Stalls after 1968
Black officials up 90%
Thurgood Marshall – 1st Black Supreme Court Justice

30. Black Mayors in many cities
Shirley Chisholm was the first black woman elected to Congress

31. Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement
Barbara Jordan (Texas) 1st Black Senator in Texas since Reconstruction, later US Congresswoman