1. EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON BROILER CHICKENS HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE IN SUMMER
Alloui, N1*, Bennoune, O 1, Alloui, M.N.2
1 Veterinary and Agronomy Sciences Institute, LESPA, University of Batna, Algeria
2 National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
XVI th International congress on animal hygiene, 5-10 may 2013, nanging, china

2. Outline
1-Introduction 2-Material and methods * keeping system *measurement 3-Results *temperature *amonia (NH3) *air velocity 4-Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION : Poultry production in Algeria
The poultry industry in Algeria is a major step to efforts aimed at furnishing the needed high quality protein to Algerians through meat and egg supply. Poultry production in Algeria has increased tremendously in the last few decades (FAO, 2000). Over this period, successive governments encouraged the development of large scale modern poultry enterprises. Poultry production is attractive because birds are able to adapt easily, have low economic value, rapid generation time and a high rate of productivity that can result in the production of meat within eight weeks and first egg within eighteen weeks after chick hatching. Unfortunately, the poultry industry in Algeria has technical and organizational problems

4. Problematic ? 1-Economical reasons
*Population in Algeria : forty million
*High demand on animals protein
2- Climatic Environment
* Very high temperature in summer
* lack of pad cooling and ventilation
in livestock buildings
3-Animal
* Imported animal breeds
* no selection of local breeds resistant against hot climate
4-Feed
* Imported raw materials (corn, soybeans and drugs)
* Very high cost of feed

5. Current status of poultry buildings
* Building built in hard and greenhouse
* Natural ventilation
* Absent thermal insulation
* Pad cooling not installed
* High population density per m2
* Litter (sand, wood shavings, straw)

6. Traditional broiler house in hard (60%)
(external view)

7. Broiler house in hard (internal view)

8. Broiler greenhouse (10%)
(internal view)
(external view)

9. Modern complex of broiler house (30%)
(external view)
(internal view)

10. Study 1: Keeping systems investigated
Materal and methods
Study 1: Keeping systems investigated
Parameters
Broiler house1
Broiler house 2
Building
Cement brick
Straw
3Kg/m2
Ventilation
Natural
Dynamic (10 extractors)
Birds population
10 000
Area (m2)
10 X 100
10 x 100

11. Weater station « Oregon Scientifique , Bar 938 H.G Model »
Measuring technique
Temperature :
Weater station «  Oregon Scientifique , Bar 938 H.G Model »
Methodology : Rokicki, Kolbuszewski , 1996

12. Measuring technique Air velocity : Anemometer type digital Testo 415
Methodology: Rokicki, Kolbuszewski, 1996

13. Gas Sensor (TG-501TOX multi-gas monitor sensor Direct Sense)
Measuring technique
Ammonia ( NH3)
Gas Sensor (TG-501TOX multi-gas monitor sensor Direct Sense)
Occupational exposure limit for birds : 20 ppm
Methodology: Rokicki, Kolbuszewski, 1996

14. Results: Comparison of internal temperatures (0°C) in broiler houses

15. Results: Comparison of air velocity in broiler houses (m/s)

16. Results: Comparison of air ammonia (NH3) in broiler houses (ppm)

17. Performance of production and mortality in broiler houses
Capacity (birds)
Bird/m2
Feed intake (gr)
Live weight (gr)
Feed conversion
Mortality
(%) 1
10 000 10
4480±132
1682±79
2.66
10.5 2
3700±104
1870±56
1.98
4.8
*Cost of installation of ventilation and pad cooling in broiler house 2 : 2000 $
*Evaluation of economic losses in broiler house1 : 2350 $

18. Effect of ammonia on the health in broiler house 1
Internal irritation of the eye (conjunctivitis)
Eye closure chicken to irritation of NH3

19. Conclusion
Mechanical ventilation is a process which is necessary to install in all the broiler houses because it involves an improvement of the internal environment parameters of the building in the summer for hot countries:
- An increase in the air flow and its velocity
- A decrease in high temperatures in poultry houses
- A reduction of the concentration of ammonia
- An improvement of production performances
- A reduction of the death rate

20. Thank you for your attention