1. Key Issue: Why do farmers face economic difficulties?
Chapter 10 Section 4 - A
Key Issue: Why do farmers face economic difficulties?

2. What problem do BOTH commercial and subsistence farmers share?
Poor Income Levels

3. But the reasons are OPPOSITE of each other!
Commercial – too much Subsistence – Too Little

4. I. Issues for Commercial Farmers (2)
A) Access to Markets
What is the purpose of Commercial Agriculture????
OFF farm!

5. So proximity to market is very important. Consider:
-Cost of land?
-Cost of Transportation?
-Perishable Product?

6. I’m Very
Important!
(and a Stud
Muffin too)

7. Von Thunen’s Model of Agriculture
City (market)
2) Horticulture/Dairy
3) Forestry
4 & 5) Crops
6) Ranching &
Grazing 4 3 5 2 6 1

8. Von Thunen’s Model of Agriculture

9. Von Thunen…. 1) DID - topography (river)* 2) did NOT* 3) Today…
-government policies
-social customs
3) Today…
-Forestry Ring?
-National/Global Scale

10. I’m still important!!!
I am all about you, me and the market baby!
I am VON THUNEN!

11. I. Issues for Commercial Farmers (con’t)
(1st Issue: Access to Markets)
2nd Issue:
B) Overproduction
1) Technology*
2) Demand remains constant IN MDC’S*

12. Can you say “S curve”

13. US Farmers have become much more efficient. For example:
1960’s 20 million dairy cows = 63 million tons of milk per year
1990’s 10 million dairy cows = 75 million tons of milk per year

14. Numbers of Dairy Cows per country

15. 3) US Government Policies Goal: ?
3 types of policies
Encourage planting of fallow crops(protect soil)
Subsidies*
Buys surplus production

16. 4 – European Policies

17. C) Sustainable Agriculture & Organic Farming
Read and Bullet Notes for 1-3 above from pages 331 to 333
3 Basic Practices:
1-Sensitive Land Management
2-Limited Use of Chemicals
3-Integrated Crop and
Livestock
Ridge Tillage T
\ H E N D

18. Chapter 10 – 4B What are the two main problems for commercial farmers?
1- Access to Markets
2 - Overproduction

19. II. Issues for Subsistence Farmers
A) Rapid population growth (Stage 2) requires more food
1) change in late 20th century
2) Intensify Production
- New Farming Methods
-Fields left “fallow” shorter periods of time

20. II. Issues for Subsistence Farmers (con’t)
B) International Trade (good/bad)
70% of all of the world’s cocoa
comes from Africa.
Cocoa Tree

21. C) Drug Crops
Spatial Distribution of
Illegal Drugs Worldwide

22. THE
END!

23. Teacher Note May Continue Powerpoint OR
Assign the rest of chapter for Homework.

24. III. Strategies to Increase Food Supply
A) Expand Agricultural Land
1) Past – Yes Future – No
2) too much or too little
3) urbanization

25. III. Strategies to Increase Food Supply (con’t)
B) Higher Productivity
1) Green Revolution
2) Fertilizer Problems
3) Prevented Famine

26. C) Identify New Food Sources

27. D) Increase Exports from other countries
1) USA
2) Thailand
3) Japan

28. IV. Africa’s Food-Supply Crisis
B) Production Lower
C) Sub-Saharan Agriculture
D) Horn of Africa
E) Desertification
F) Gov’t Policies
G) Conflicts