1. Organic Reactions

2. C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
Combustion
Reaction with O2 – burning
For hydrocarbons, products of complete combustion are CO2 & H2O
Insufficient O2 – C, CO, & H2O
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

3. HCCH + ClCl  HCCH + HCl
Substitution
Start with a saturated hydrocarbon
Replace 1 or more H atom with another atom or group. Get 2 products (swap).
C2H6 + Cl2  C2H5Cl + HCl
HCCH + ClCl  HCCH + HCl
H H
H Cl
H H
H H

4. HC=CH + ClCl  HCCH
Addition
Add across a double or triple bond.
Start with an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Get only 1 saturated product. (1 answer)
HC=CH + ClCl  HCCH
C2H4 + Cl2  C2H4Cl2
H H
Cl Cl
H H

5. Esterification Organic Acid + Alcohol  Ester + Water
HCCOH + HOCCCH  O
H H H H =
H H H H H  O
H H H =
HCCOCCCH + H2O  H
H H H

6. Saponification
Making Soap
Fat + Base  Glycerol + Soap

7. H  C O = H
OCC17H35
NaOH O = H
OCC17H35  + O = H
OCC17H35
FAT Base 
(Triglyceride)

8. H 
COH O =
NaOCC17H35 H O = + H
NaOCC17H35 O H =
NaOCC17H35
Soap
Glycerol

9. Fermentation Sugars are broken down into alcohol + CO2
C6H12O6  2C2H5OH + 2CO2
zymase
carbon dioxide
sugar
ethanol

10. What do the protein in eggs, the plastic in pop bottles, and the nylon in stockings have in common?
They are all giant molecules called polymers.
Poly means many
Mers means parts

11. Polymers
Very large molecules consisting of many repeating structural units.
Analogy = chain consisting of many links
Masses can be > 1,000,000 amu
Monomer: Molecule from which a polymer is made. Starting material.

12. Natural Polymers
Wool
Silk
Rubber
Starch
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

13. Synthetic Polymers Plastics – polyethylene, PVC
Synthetic Fibers – nylon, rayon, polyester
Rubber Substitutes – polyurethane
Polymerization = reaction that produces a polymer

14. Polymerization Reactions
Addition: start with unsaturated monomers. Everything in reactants goes into polymer. Only 1 product, saturated.
Condensation: monomers containing 2 functional groups combine with the loss of a small by-product, usually H2O.

15. Addition Polymerization
segmer H H
H H H H H H
     
CCCCCC
        n
C=C    H H
Ethene =
monomer n
Polyethylene =
polymer

16. Polyethylene Varieties
Milk bottles, detergent bottles, oil bottles, toys, & plastic grocery bags
Shrink-wrap films, sandwich bags, garment bags, grocery bags
Bottle caps

17. Substituted Ethylenes
H H
C=C
H CH3
H H H H H H H H
CCCCCCCC
H  H  H  H  
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
Indoor-outdoor carpet, upholstery

18. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
H H
C=C
H Cl
H H H H H H H H
CCCCCCCC
H Cl H Cl H Cl H Cl 
Phonograph records, garden hoses, pipes
Replace the H’s with Cl & you get Saran wrap.

19. Teflon
F F
C=C
F F F F F F
CCCCCC n 

20. Condensation Polymerization
H H
HOCCOH
H H
HOCCOH +
H H H H
HOCCOCCOH + 
H2O

21. Condensation Polymerization
Split out a small molecule such as H2O.
Monomer has to have a functional group at each end.

22. Nylon - 1935 HOCCCCCCOH O O = = +  NH2CCCCCCNH2 O O H H
CCCCCCNCCCCCCN n
+ H2O

23. Congratulations!!!!
You’re finished!
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