1. How the local speak louder to the national and global!
How can Irish Aid focus on climate resilience and poverty issues in LDCs?
How the local speak louder to the national and global!

2. Discussion topics Current focus and evidence of climate effects
Two parts of the same approach – ‘minimise development losses due to climate’ and ‘maximise contributions to adaptive capacity’
How will we know if climate integration is working – the difficulty of counterfactuals
A proposal to get the local to speak to the national and global

3. Current focus and evidence of climate effects
How does Irish Aid currently contribute to poverty reduction:
Social protection
Hunger
Gender
To what extent is climate variability constraining poverty reduction – what and where is the evidence?

4. Development deficits and climate adaptation deficits and gaps
We at this stage.
We need to prepare now for adaptation specific measures that strengthen development interventions. Learning platform to generate evidence.

5. Two parts of the same approach
Adaptation initiatives fall into three broad categories:
addressing the existing ‘adaptation deficit’
managing incremental changes in climate-related risks
proactively addressing the more profound longer term manifestations and impacts of climate change by transforming or replacing existing systems and practices
Minimise development losses due to climate
Maximise contributions to adaptive capacity

6. Evidence for learning Minimise development losses due to climate
Requires a monitoring of climate challenges and an assessment of losses.
Maximise contributions to adaptive capacity
Also requires a monitoring of climate challenges
Also an assessment of how well climate risks are managed
Adaptive capacity is difficult to measure – but we can use evaluation methods to show how vulnerability levels change and how socio-economic development responses

7. Assessing climate challenges in Ethiopia
The frequency of heavy fall, which is greater than 30mm within one day, shows: however that more frequent heavy falls recorded during the period 1982 till 2000 and from 2006 till now where the average rainfall is belong normal.
And less frequent heavy falls during the period from 2000 till 2006 which are on average normal years.
It can be concluded that during dry periods there is a frequent occurrence of heavy falls which result in flash floods and damage to crops, vegetables, livestock and infrastructure

8. How will we know if climate integration is working – difficulties of the ‘counterfactual’
Local theories of change – how does rainwater harvesting contribute to development and climate resilience
Reduced work load of fetching water
Kitchen gardening, animal rearing or other economic activity
Increased income + food security
Socio-economic and human development
AND
Resilience to climate variability
Rain water harvesting
Higher school enrolment + retention
Water available for latrines at homes and schools
Increased water availability at HH/ Community levels
Improved health
Health units functional

9. Study design Sites: Chitra Topi, Bagh Nathigali, Abbotabad Population:
Treated
Control
Sampling:
Random sampling
Evaluation
Difference in Difference

10. Girls in Water Fetching
School Going Girls in Water Fetching * (Bagh)
Groups
Before RWH
After RWH
Difference
Treated
1.8
0.8 -1
Control
1.2
0.6
-1.6
School Going Girls in Water Fetching * (Nathigali)
1.5 1
-0.5
1.4
0.2
0.3
-0.4
-0.7
*No. of school going age girls involved in water fetching

11. Saved health costs per HH
Per month medical cost of the whole household (Rs. In Bagh)
Groups
Before RWH
After RWH
Difference
Treated
2158
1316
-842
Control
1860
3327
1467
298
-2011
-2309
Per month medical cost of the whole household (Rs. In Nathigali)
3191
1865
-1326
3414
4800
1386
223
2935
-2712

12. Socio-Economic Development Rainwater Harvesting
Adaptation deficit
Potential Indicators
Livelihood
Income/Saving from Kitchen Gardening and Livestock (Rs/month)
Health
Reduction in Expenditure on Health (Rs/month)
Education
Reduction in Absenteeism due to water fetching (days/child/month)
Under circumsta-nces of increasing rainfall variability

13. A proposal to get the local to speak to the national and global
Possible case studies that can be developed under the auspices of the Learning Platform to assess how development interventions contribute to climate adaptive capacity of the poor:
Malawi – different energy access projects
Mozambique - water security projects
Ethiopia – soil and water conservation approaches, linking farmers and researchers
Tanzania - support to pastoralists
Liberia, S.L. - WASH
Use the case study evidence to inform the Learning Platform and Irish Aid development programming
Collate the case studies into reports for UN HL Summit, COPs 20 and 21, Countries’ contributions to 2015 agreement