1. MUSICAL STRUCTURE
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

2. ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
PITCH
TEXTURE
RYHTHM
TIMBRE
MELODY
DYNAMIC

3. PITCH: HIGHS AND LOWS OF MUSIC
Pitch: The highness or lowness of a tone in music Low or High? High or Low?
Instruments are designed to produce various pitches

4. Orchestra High Pitch or Low Pitch
Strings:
Woodwinds:
Brass:
Violin
Flute
Trumpet
Viola
Oboe
French Horn
Cello
Clarinet
Trombone
Double Bass
Bassoon
Tuba

5. PITCH: CONSONANCE + DISSONANCE
Consonance is the combination of notes that are in harmony due to the relationship between their frequencies.
Dissonance is a clash resulting from the combination of two different notes.
Example

6. RHYTHM: THE PULSE OF SOUND

7. RHYTHM: HIGHS AND LOWS OF MUSIC
Rhythm: The organization of time in music
Tempo governs the rhythm’s pace or speed
HAND CLAP:
SYNCOPATION:

8. RHYTHM: TEMPO TEMPO: The speed or pace of a piece of music
ACCELERANDO: Speed up
RITARDANDO: Slow down
TEMPO:

9. RHYTHM: NOTES + BEATS + RESTS
NOTE: A sign used in musical notation to represent the duration and pitch of a sound
A whole note is four counts
BEAT/PULSE: The basic unit of time in music
REST: Interval of silence in a piece of music

10. MELODY: ARRANGEMENT OF SOUND

11. MELODY: ARRANGEMENT OF TONES
Melody: The arrangement of tones on a staff in a meaningful manner.

12. Melody Combination of pitches and rhythms
Nursery rhyme songs from beginning to end is one melody
Verse is a melody, chorus is a melody
Ensemble is all the different elements of the song trying to accompany the melody

13. TEXTURE: LAYERS OF SOUND

14. TEXTURE: LAYERS OF SOUND
Monophonic texture means only one line of music sounding alone- gregorian chant
Homophonic means one line leads and the others support it- rock music
Multiple independent lines happening together is called polyphonic texture- more complicated stuff

15. Texture
Layers of music are stratified- each layer is on top of another
- beat is on bottom, usually low pitch(usually percussion)
- top is normally high pitch(usually vocals)
Ostinato is repeated background rhythm that is different from the surface melody

16. TIMBRE: CHARACTER OF SOUND

17. TIMBRE: CHARACTER OF SOUND
The characteristics of the sound itself
The same note sounds
Different when it comes
From a different instrument

18. TIMBRE descriptive terms
Sharp
Rough
Gloomy
Delicate
Dark
Full
Clear
Wide
Bright
Narrow
Harsh

19. DYNAMICS: VOLUME OF SOUND

20. DYNAMICS: NOTATION Forte: f, ff, fff: LOUD Piano: p, pp, ppp: SOFT
Mezzo: m: MEDIUM
Crescendo: Gradually louder
Decrescendo: Gradually softer

21. Dynamics