1. The Struggle Against Discrimination
Chapter 8 Section 3

2. Progressivism Contradicts Itself
Progressive Era was not so progressive for nonwhites and immigrant Americans

3. Americanization “How do we change them?”
Settlement Houses
Taught them how to dress
Change customs
Use of alcohol was frowned upon
Scientific theories claim that dark skinned people were less intelligent then whites

4. Plessy v. Ferguson
Homer Plessy refused to move to “colored” cart while riding train in Louisiania
He was 1/8 black, 7/8 white, but was still considered African American
Argued that his rights under 13th and 14th Amendment were violated
Supreme Court upheld the “separate, but equal”

5. Demands for Reforms
New movements arose to help fight against discrimination
Niagara Movement
NAACP
Urban League

6. Niagara Movement
Leading African American thinkers met at Niagara Falls in Summer of 1902
Led by W.E.B. DuBois and William Monroe Trotter
The movement did not grow strong enough to fight against discrimination

7. NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Aimed to help African Americans with no forced labor, mental abuse, and physical abuse
Leaders such as Jane Addams, Ray Stannard Baker, and Florence Kelley

8. Urban League Focused upon poor African American workers
It helped families buy clothes and books and send children to school

9. Protection Anti-Defamation League Mutualistas
Formed to help Jews
Mutualistas
Formed by Mexican Americans to help with loans and legal assistance
Society of American Indians in 1911
Formed to help Native Americans protest federal Indian policy