1. Component Identification
Digital Electronics TM
1.1 Foundations and The Board Game Counter
Component Identification: Analog
Digital Electronics
© 2014 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2009

2. Component Identification
Resistors
Component Identification
Digital Electronics TM
1.1 Foundations and The Board Game Counter
A resistor is an electronic component that resists the flow of electrical current.
A resistor is typically used to control the amount of current that is flowing in a circuit.
Resistance is measured in units of ohms ()
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2009

3. Resistors: Types and Package Styles
Component Identification
Digital Electronics TM
1.1 Foundations and The Board Game Counter
Carbon Film Resistors
4 Bands
Variable Resistors
(potentiometer)
Carbon Film Resistors
5 Bands
Surface Mount Resistors
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2009

4. Component Identification
Capacitors
Component Identification
Digital Electronics TM
1.1 Foundations and The Board Game Counter
A capacitor is an electronic component that can be used to store an electrical charge.
Capacitors are often used in electronic circuits as temporary energy-storage devices.
Capacitance is measured in units of farads (F) and named after Michael Faraday, a British chemist and physicist who contributed significantly to the study of electromagnetism.
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2009

5. Capacitors: Types and Package Styles
Component Identification
Digital Electronics TM
1.1 Foundations and The Board Game Counter
Mylar / Tantalum
Monolithic Ceramic
Ceramic Disc Capacitors
Electrolytic Capacitors
Electrolytic Capacitors
Radial Lead
Axial Lead
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2009

6. How To Read A Capacitor’s Value
Component Identification
Digital Electronics TM
1.1 Foundations and The Board Game Counter
Electrolytic Capacitors
10 F +-20%
0.47 F+-20%
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2009

7. How To Read A Capacitor’s Value
Component Identification
Digital Electronics TM
1.1 Foundations and The Board Game Counter
Disc Capacitors
Code
Tolerance A
±0.05% B
±0.1% C
±0.25% D
±0.5% F
±1% G
±2% J
±5% K
±10%
M or NONE
±20% N
±30% Q
−10%, +30% S
−20%, +50% T
−10%, +50% Z
−20%, +80% 4 7 2 K
First Digit
First Figure
Second Digit
Second Figure
Third Digit
# of Zeros
Fourth Digit
Tolerance 4 7 00 K
4700 pF 10%
Note: Units on Disc Capacitors are always in pico-farads
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2009

8. Component Identification
Capacitor: Example #1
Digital Electronics TM
1.1 Foundations and The Board Game Counter
Example:
Determine the nominal value for the capacitor shown.
Code
Tolerance A
±0.05% B
±0.1% C
±0.25% D
±0.5% F
±1% G
±2% J
±5% K
±10%
M or NONE
±20% N
±30% Q
−10%, +30% S
−20%, +50% T
−10%, +50% Z
−20%, +80% 3 3
±5%
330 pF ±5%
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2009

9. Component Identification
Capacitor: Example #2
Digital Electronics TM
1.1 Foundations and The Board Game Counter
Example:
Determine the nominal value for the capacitor shown.
Code
Tolerance A
±0.05% B
±0.1% C
±0.25% D
±0.5% F
±1% G
±2% J
±5% K
±10%
M or NONE
±20% N
±30% Q
−10%, +30% S
−20%, +50% T
−10%, +50% Z
−20%, +80% 1
000
±10%
10000 pF ±10%
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2009

10. Inductor Made of a conductor wound into a coil
Opposes change in electrical current by creating a temporary magnetic field which stores energy
Used widely for signal processing

11. Diode Only allows current to flow in one direction
Has very low resistance one way, and very high resistance the other way

12. Light Emitting Diode (LED)

13. Transistor a semiconductor device used:
1. To amplify signals (i.e hearing aid)
2. As a switch, can be completely on or off
The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices

14. Transistors Has 3 terminals Collector: hooked up to the power supply
Base: This is where the varied signal will come in
Emitter: The signal the transistor sends out

15. Fuse Protect electrical devices from damage
When the current is too high, the fuse will “blow” to prevent damage or fire
Thin metal wire which melts to open circuit

16. Voltage Regulator
designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level
Used in computers, and to help power motors

17. Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
Supports and connects electronic components
Copper sheets are etched to create tracks, pads, and connections
Non conductive substrate

18. Logic Gates
Transistors and resistors can be arranged to create desired outputs base on specific inputs. (Logic Gates)
Because transistors have only two states (on or off), binary number systems and Boolean Algebra are used to describe the relationship of inputs to outputs on these gates.

19. Gates to Integrated Circuits (ICs)
Datasheets
Gates to Integrated Circuits (ICs)
Digital Electronics TM
1.3 Introduction to Digital
Integrated Circuit
An electronic circuit having many components, such as transistors, diodes, resistors, and capacitors in a single package.
Transistors Gates Integrated Circuits
In order to understand the ascending order of the truth table, students will need to learn about the binary number system and “how to count to three” in binary. We will do this in a later activity.
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2009

20. Integrated Circuit Chips
Dual Inline Package
Flat Package