1. 9/22 Focus:
Geographic factors played a major role in Egypt being one of the most stable and long lasting civilization in the ancient world. This part of the world used its geography to its advantage.
Aim- What is Egypt’s geography like?

2. Geographic Location Egypt is located in North Africa
The Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile River
Approx. 5,000 BCE
The majority of Egyptians lived along the Nile River

3. The Nile River Facts about the Nile River
The longest river in the world
Flows northward
Annual flooding predictable
Silt from the annual floods provided fertile soil for farming
The most fertile soil is in the Nile Delta

4. 9-29
Do Now
“The Nile River is called the breadbasket of Egypt. The reason for this is that it provides Egypt with plenty of food and fertile soil for farming even though it is surrounded by desert land.”
Aim - Why is the Nile River Valley important to Egypt

5. “The Gift of the Nile” Why? provided water for farming and drinking
Flooding kept land fertile
Led to the development of settlements
Food surpluses allowed for the development of civilization
Easy transportation united people along the river

6. The Nile
The Southern Nile had a series of waterfalls & rocky stretches with rapids and fast currents
Cataracts
This made it difficult for enemies to invade down the Nile

7. The Sahara Desert Most of Egypt is desert
The desert was a natural barrier that protected and isolated Egypt
Led to the development of a unique Egyptian culture

8. The Sahara
The desert caused the Egyptians to be isolated from the rest of the world
Limited cultural diffusion(exchanging of ideas. Trade migration and war)
Good for protection
Bad for trade

9. 9/30 Focus:
Pharaohs established governments in Egypt where they had absolute power. The Nile River helped unite the upper and lower kingdoms of Egypt
Do Now:
What are some geographic characteristics of the Nile River Valley

10. Unification Early Egypt was divided into two kingdoms
Upper Egypt
Lower Egypt
Egypt was united in 3100 BCE by Menes
Made Memphis the capital
Established the first dynasty

12. Ancient Egyptian History
Periods
Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins
3900 B. C. E.
Archaic
3100 – 2650 B. C. E.
Old Kingdom
2650 – 2134 B. C. E.
Middle Kingdom
2040 – 1640 B. C. E.
New Kingdom
1550 – 1070 B. C. E.
Late Period
750 – 332 B. C. E.
Greek Ptolemaic Era
332 – 30 B. C. E.
Roman Period
30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.

13. Old Kingdom The Old Kingdom Begins 2650 BCE
Time of Growth and Prosperity
Pyramids constructed
Pharaohs with absolute power establish strong governments

14. Middle Kingdom Difficult and turbulent time
Pharaohs began to lose power to local nobles
Invasions, famines, civil wars
Spent money on and in pyramids
Conquered by the Hyksos in 1650 BCE

15. The New Kingdom Hyksos defeated
Egyptians realized they needed a strong army
Took lands around them to serve as a buffer from invasion

16. 9-26
Do Now
“The Egyptians used Hieroglyphics as their writing system. This was basically symbols that told a story of what was going on at the time. This served as writing for the Egyptians that helped for record keeping for farming”
Aim- What were some Egyptian Advances
### Study for Writing activity###
Page 26 due today
Page 31 q1-5 due next week

17. 10/1 Focus:
The Egyptians viewed their pharaohs as a living god Historians divide the history of ancient Egypt into three periods. These periods were known as the old, middle and new kingdom. The middle kingdom was a turbulent time.
Do Now:
What effect did the desert have on Egypt

18. 10-5 Focus:
Ancient Egyptians believed in many gods which they believed were responsible for the annual flooding and other natural events which made life possible in Egypt.The ancient Egyptians had a much more positive view of the afterlife then the civilizations in Mesopotamia
Do Now:
Explain how the Sumerians viewed their gods and their view of the afterlife

19. The Pharaoh The King Had absolute power Pharaohs established dynasties
Was believed to be a god in human form
Had to perform religious rituals along with priests to ensure positive outcomes in daily life
Gov’t in Egypt was a theocracy:
a state ruled by religious figures
Flashback:
Were Sumerian rulers seen As Gods?
No, their power came from the gods

20. Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Tutankhamon B. C. E.
Thutmose III B. C. E.
Ramses II B. C. E.

21. Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Hatshepsut
BCE
Pretended to be a man just to maintain power

22. Egyptian Social Classes

23. Egyptian Social Classes
Class system was hierarchal
People with most power at the top
Least power on the bottom
Flashback:
Was the social structure in Mesopotamian civilizations such as Sumer organized in a similar manner ?
Yes

24. Hieroglyphics
Used picture symbols to represent objects, sounds, and ideas
Wrote on papyrus that was made from reeds that grew along the Nile
The Rosetta Stone
Discovered in 1799
Used to translate hieroglyphics
Flashback:
What was the Sumerian form of writing and what did they write on?
Cuneiform was written on clay tablets

25. Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols

26. 10-6
Do Now
“Pyramids were tombs used by Egyptians. These temples were built to show power and used as resting places for Egyptian pharaohs. These pyramids were often filled with money, gold, animals and sometimes humans.”
Aim- Why did they use Pyramids

27. 10-7
“Religious beliefs shape the way people live and how they feel about death. Many traditions might be seen as odd amongst some societies, but in other places these traditions would be seen as routine. There are thousands of different beliefs that people follow in society”
Aim- what are some beliefs you have heard of?

28. Egyptian Religion Egyptians were polytheistic
Believed gods controlled natural events

29. Egyptian Religion Built temples and obelisks to honor the gods
Tall, thin pillar with a pyramid shaped top

30. Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:
Osiris Isis Horus

31. The Afterlife Egyptians view of the afterlife was positive
Believed that when someone died the Ka (spirit) escaped and journeyed to the land of the dead

32. The Afterlife Egyptian Book of the Dead
Contained magic spells and rituals to assist the dead enter the afterlife

33. Mummification
Designed to protect the dead body from decay and keep the Ka alive

34. Materials Used in Mummification
1. Linen Natron 2. Sawdust Onion 3. Lichen Nile Mud 4. Beeswax Linen Pads 5. Resin Frankinsense

35. Pyramids
Tombs built for Egyptian rulers

36. Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

37. 10-9
Do Now
“The Nile River had predictable flooding that helped give the Egyptians fertile soil. Egyptians thanked the gods for the floods and had a good view of the afterlife because they were happy with the predictable flooding.”
#Writing activity today#
Hmwk due today pg
Hmwk due next week pg

38. Do Now
“The Egyptians and Sumerians had many differences, but one thing that they did have in common was settling down by a river. The next civilization that will be covered will be India”
Aim- Why would people need fertile soil

39. The Paleolithic Age was the first period of human existence
The Paleolithic Age was the first period of human existence. Eventually, the Paleolithic Age gave way to the Neolithic Revolution. Life was drastically changed as a result. After the Neolithic Revolution, civilizations began to develop. Two early civilizations were the Egyptian Empire and the city-states of Sumer.