1. Today’s Warm-Up Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:
What do you think is the main source of conflict in the Middle East?

2. Arab-Israeli Conflict
Today’s LEQ: How have regional issues contributed to conflicts in the Middle East?
Arab-Israeli Conflict

3. 1600

4. 1880

5. 1920

6. Current

7. Brief History of the Middle East
Ottoman Empire dominant ruling power from 1299 until losing WWI (became Turkey)
In 1920, League of Nations established mandate system of French and British control for 25 years

8. Creation of Israel
At end of the 19th century, an international movement of Jews who called themselves Zionists declared Palestine to be an appropriate homeland
Anti-Semitism (prejudice/hatred towards Jews) was growing in Europe and Jews began to emigrate to this area
After the persecution of Jews during WWII, international sympathy contributed to the support for a Jewish state in Palestine

9. U.N. Partition Plan
In 1947, the U.N. voted to partition Palestine into two states, one for Jews and the other for Palestinians
Jerusalem was to be an international zone
The Jews agreed; Arabs did not

10. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians become refugees
All surrounding Arab States declared war on Israel in 1948.
Arab-Israeli War won by Israel, Israel took 70% of Palestine.
(50% more than UN intended)
Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians become refugees

11. Map 1: Proposed division between Israel and Palestine according to U.N. Partition Plan
Map 2: What Israel actually gets after winning the first Arab-Israeli War
Break for Activity: Israeli & Palestinian Claims to Land

12. Arab-Israeli Conflict
Since Israel was established in 1948, most Middle Eastern countries refused to recognize its right to exist and a series of conflicts and wars have followed
1964, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) formed; pledged to destroy Israel, replace with Palestinian state

13. Six-Day War
In 1967, Egypt demanded that U.N. troops leave Gaza and the Sinai Peninsula
Expecting a large-scale Arab attack, Israel struck first & quickly defeated Arab forces
Map 3: Israel took control of the Golan Heights, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, and East Jerusalem

15. Yom Kippur War
Determined to win back territory, Egypt and Syria launched surprise attack against Israel in 1973; OPEC declares oil embargo on countries supporting Israel
After weeks of fighting, both sides agree to a cease-fire

16. A Peace Agreement 
Egypt and Israel make peace in 1978 in an agreement known as the Camp David Accords
Egypt recognized Israel, and Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt
The treaty ended 30 years of hostility between Egypt and Israel

17. The Conflict Remains Unresolved 
As Egypt & Israel made peace, Palestinians still struggled for nationhood
Extremists on both sides have undermined peace process between Israel & Palestine
In 2005, Israel agreed to hand over Gaza and parts of West Bank to Palestinians
But, tensions grew when Hamas (Palestinian militant group) won control of Palestinian parliament in 2006
Violence still continues today

18. Today’s Exit Ticket Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:
Based on what we covered in class today, whose claim to the disputed land is stronger – Palestinian or Israeli? Explain.