1. Vocabulary: Renaissance
Italian Renaissance- a period of European history that began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe.
Secular- wordly; viewpoint emerged as increasing wealth created new enjoyment of material things.
Mercenaries- soldiers who sold their services to the highest bidder.
Humanism- an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history.
Vernacular- the language of everyday speech in a particular region.

2. The Renaissance

3. What was the Renaissance?
Renaissance = Rebirth
in European history was a rebirth in art and learning
Revisited many of the subjects the Greeks and Romans studied

4. Why Italy? Center of the Roman Empire Wealthy cities in the 1300s
they could afford to pay painters, sculptors, architects
Italy was divided into independently run city- states which competed with each other
This competition brought out the Renaissance

5. What were the Famous City-States of Italy?
Florence- most famous, produced many artists. The Medici family was Florence’s richest.
Venice- wealthiest. Sailors and shipbuilders. Used canals instead of roads.
Genoa
Milan
Rome

7. The Rise of Italian City-States
No ruler could unite Italy
wars over territory
They became wealthy through trade because of Italy’s location
Were linked to the “east” during the Middle Ages (Marco Polo)
Each was ruled by one powerful man
Niccolo Machiavelli – wrote how a ruler should maintain power – The Prince 1513

8. Machiavelli believed rulers should do whatever it takes to maintain power “It is better to be feared than loved”

9. Renaissance Humanism
Humanism – way of understanding the world that believed that the individual and human society were important
Francesco Petrarch- studied Roman writers
Dante Alighieri – poet, wrote the “The Divine Comedy”
Chaucer – wrote “The Canterbury Tales”
Johannes Gutenberg- develop the printing press

10. Renaissance Men Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Buonarroti
Raphael Sanzio
-Scientist & Artist
-Dissected corpses
-Famous notebooks
-The Last Supper
-Mona Lisa
-Painted, sculpted and designed buildings
-Sistine Chapel ceiling
-The David
-Moses
-Painter
-Frescoes
-The School of Athens

11. Da Vinci

12. The Last Supper

14. Michelangelo

16. Raphael

18. William Shakespeare Renaissance spreads north to England
Writer of tragedies, comedies, and historical plays
Introduced over 1,000 words to the English language
Hamlet, Macbeth, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and Romeo & Juliet among others!

19. Impact of the Renaissance on the Church
Individualism and humanist ideas from the Renaissance challenged citizens to seek answers for themselves rather than from religious institutions (Church).

20. Johannes Gutenberg Worksheet

21. Mankind: Venetian Trade and the Renaissance
What European city became a key financial center?
Why must Pietro Venier catch the Enrico, the thief?
Describe the meaning of this statement: “They were buying collections for themselves, but they were meant for eternity.”

22. Starter: Write Questions and Answers
Which of the following was created during the Renaissance?
The philosophy of Socrates
The epic poetry of Virgil
The art of Leonardo da Vinci
The history of Herodotus
The poems and plays of which person are representative of the English Renaissance?
Johann Gutenberg
William Shakespeare
Dante Alighieri
Miguel de Cervantes
How did the new ideas and scientific advances of the Renaissance challenge the Catholic Church?
New Renaissance universities, which emphasized scientific research, gave most citizens educational opportunities that challenged the religious institutions.
Individualism and humanist ideas from the Renaissance challenged citizens to seek answers for themselves rather than from religious institutions.
New merchant guilds formed by the middle class owed allegiance to the leaders of the Renaissance rather than the Catholic Church.
Feudal noble landowners accepted the scientific advances of the Renaissance that were supported by the Catholic Church.

23. Vocabulary: Protestant Reformation
Salvation- the state of being saved (that is, going to heaven).
Indulgence- release of all or part of the punishment of sin.
Lutheranism- the religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed; belief that salvation could be achieved by faith alone, not good works.
Predestination- the belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damned.
Annul- declare invalid

24. The Protestant Reformation

25. Calls for Church Reform
Reformation – many wanted to “reform” the Catholic church
Many believed the church taxed people too heavily and spent lavishly
Indulgences – sold by the church to reduce a punishment for sin

26. Martin Luther
1517 – challenged the Catholic Church and led a movement known as Protestantism (to Protest)
Believed that only faith = salvation
Ninety Five Theses – arguments against indulgences (Wittenberg)
Excommunicated by Pope
Created his own denomination referred to as Lutheranism (branch)

27. Lutheranism Faith in Jesus, not good works brings salvation
The Bible is the final source of truth about God, not priests.
Church is all believers, not just the clergy

28. John Calvin Calvinism – agreed w/ Luther but added some new ideas
God decides everything in advance, including who will go to heaven and hell: Predestination
To prove they were “chosen” people lived good lives and worked hard
Kings couldn’t run the church
Became the Puritans
Believed in theocracy-church led government

29. Counter Reformation
1500s & 1600s Catholic Church set out to defeat Protestantism = Counter – Reformation
Bloody wars were fought until 1648
Pope Paul III formed the Council of Trent to fix the Catholic Church
Jesuits – Society of Jesus, pope’s agents to spread Catholicism
Catholic kings sent missionaries to convert

30. The Thirty Years’ War-worst religious war of the Reformation
Protestants to the North of Europe, Catholics to the South of Europe
The Spanish Inquisition – Catholic Court used to combat heresy
Executed 2,000 Spaniards
King Henry IV of France a Catholic king allowed French Protestants (Huguenots) to worship freely

31. Henry VIII King of England
Ruled 1509 – 1547
6 wives (2 divorces, 2 beheaded) because he wanted a son
Pope refused his request for annulment,
Annul= to cancel
1534 The Act of Supremacy declared the king head of the Church of England not the pope
Created the Anglican Church

32. The Six Wives of Henry VIII

33. Back and Forth in England
Henry’s daughter Mary becomes queen in 1553 and restores Catholicism
Arrested Protestants and burned 300 at the stake
Nickname “Bloody Mary”
After 5 years Mary died, her half-sister takes the throne--Elizabeth
Queen Elizabeth I – restored the Anglican Church and became a great leader

34. Nine-Five Theses Primary Source Analysis

35. Create your own Nine-Five Theses Assignment