1. From ROMANTICS
The Romantics- revolted against the pragmatism and Logic of the
Age of Enlightenment
They were part of the French Revolution of 1789
And the European Revolt of 1848 and the Revolutions in
South America
The French Revolution dissolved into chaos and the Napoleonic Wars
The Romantics were Individuals- social independence- all for changes in education,
Changes in social welfare, changes in expression in the arts
Wanted freedom of expression: The SUBLIME in art like Turner
Political paintings as in the work of Delacroix and the world of human folly as in GOYA
Photography as an exploratory form
Architecture from other time periods
HEAD vs HEART ( classicists vs romanticists)

2. The Romantic Architecture-
Iron- used as the Interior and instead of the Exterior
Iron and glass on the outside for the more adventurous
Revivals of Nostalgic proportions- Islamic, Medieval, Gothic and Romanesque
Even Egyptian- MCV 1845, Washington obelisk Robert Mills

3. Image 112 Houses of Parliament ; Charles Barry ( classic architect) and Augustus Pugin ( Gothic Architect) , - Neo Gothic
One of many Gothic revival ( Neo-Gothic) buildings in England. After the fire in 1834 (Turner painted it) it was built to match Westminster Abbey from 13th century rooms, 100 staircases, 2 miles of corridors, 97 entrances
Elizabethan style and the Perpendicular Gothic Style
Modern office clothed in Medieval style; Big Ben is the village clock

4. Image 112 House of Parliament- Central Lobby
Between the House of Commons and the House of Lords;can meet your member of Parliament; metal grills on the doorways marked the place for women to stand and became symbols of the Suffragette Movement; central octogon with statues of Kings and Queens of England and Scotland; 4 large mosaics over the doors show the 4 saints of UK
St. George- England, St. Andrew- Scotland, St. David- Wales, St. Patrick- Ireland

5. Image Westminster Hall- This was the last part of the old Parliament Hall that stood after the fire. Gothic Vaulting.

6. JHW Turner- Burning of the Houses of Parliament

7. The Paris Opera House; Charles Garnier 1861-1874 Neo-Baroque
Used iron as an internal support. Focal point of urban renewal under Napoleon III. Riots left the city without a center. City map was re-drawn by Haussmann. Redrew with wide streets for carriages. NewBaroque style to recall how powerful France was during the Baroque period.

8. The Paris Opera House 1861

9. Staircase to Paris Opera House Baroque opulence that critiques called “ The temple of pleasure”; gilding,colors, sculpture, wide view, the grand entrance, spectacle both on and off stage. Made for long skirts and turns to be seen.
Artist: n/a
Title: Grand Staircase, the Opéra
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: n/a

10. Crystal Palace; Joseph Paxton- 1850-1851
Built for a The Great London Exhibition. Cast Iron frame work that head windows 49x30 – the largest available at the time feet long and covered 18 acres- 1million square feet of exhibition space. 180 feet tall. It was considered a work of engineering – not architecture. Queen Victoria visited. Destroyed by fire in 1936 after relocation.

11. Interior of Crystal Palace

12. Romantic Artist
Temperamental
Critical
Refined
Daring
Melancholy
Anti-hero
Turner- tied himself to the deck of a ship to feel the ship burning
Fuseli- kept sketches of his Nightmares… which his wife burned
Delacroix and Gros- political message in the work
Rude- Lionized the French Revolution (s) and so did Hugo
Goya- explored the mind!
Gericault drew people from the insane asylum and took body parts from
Surgeons

13. Image 106 Disasters of War Series by Goya- “ And there is nothing to be done”
drypoint etching
80 etchings and aquatints; published after artist’s death; art work was critical of France’s occupation of Spain and the Spanish rulers ( Hapsburgs) ; influenced by the culture of warfare in Spain; “ Fatal Consequence of Spain’s Bloody War with Bonaparte and Other Emphatic Caprices.”
Ironic and bitter; Guns at close range just like the 3rd of May; Mangled bodies of civilians or soldiers?

14. Artist: Francisco Goya
Title: The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters
Medium: Etching and aquatint
Size: 8 ½ X 6" (21.6 X 15.2 cm)
Date: 1796–98; published 1799
Source/ Museum: No. 43 From Los Caprichos (The Caprices) / Courtesy of the Hispanic Society of America, New York
Printed 300 of them in the series and then sold them. Was warned by the church ( the new inquisition) to stop and he did he donated the plates to the Royal Printing Office. He tried to give them to the king- but he would not accept them.

15. Artist: Francisco Goya
Title: Third of May, 1808
Medium: Oil on canvas
Size: 8'9" X 13'4" (2.67 X 4.06 m)
Date: 1814–15
Source/ Museum: Museo del Prado, Madrid
Citizens of Madrid murdered in pre-dawn hours of May 2 and 3rd. New re-instated Spanish King called Goya to the Inquisition in 1813 and he was put under house arrest. Moved to France to paint black paintings.

16. Artist: Francisco Goya
Title: Family of Charles IV
Medium: Oil on canvas
Size: 9'12" X 11' (2.79 X 3.36 m)
Date: 1800
Source/ Museum: Museo del Prado, Madrid
Influenced by Velazquez Las Mininas- He is behind the canvas painting on the left. Queen is having an affair, King with a chest full of medals, eldest daughter looking elsewhere. They were all posing in front of a mirror. Demonstrated how the monarchy was falling apart Napoleon conquered Spain and the brother was made the king. Murdered the royal family and many citizen on May 3, 1808.

17. Saturn Devouring His Children 1819- 1823
Goya
Black Painting

18. Artist: Antoine-Jean Gros- student of David
Title: Napoleon In The Plague House At Jaffa
Medium: Oil on canvas
Size: 17'5" X 23'7" (5.32 X 7.2 m)
Date: 1804
Source/ Museum: Musée du Louvre, Paris
Idealized account of Napoleon visiting his troops at Jaffe. Camapaign against the Turks- the troops got the Bubonic Plague. After visiting- 2 months later he had all of the sick soldiers poisoned.

19. Artist: Théodore Géricault- student of David
Title: Raft of the “Medusa”
Medium: Oil on canvas
Size: 16'1" X 23'6" (4.9 X 7.16 m)
Date: 1818–19
Source/ Museum: Musée du Louvre, Paris
Shipwreck and the captain left with the officers. Made a raft and set the survivors adrift. 152 passengers- 15 survivors that were not crew. Gericault Kept corpses around the look at and work from. Perfectly constructed, many sketches. Exhibited it in many countries.

20. Sketches for the work- Raft of the Medusa

21. Image 111- Artist: Eugène Delacroix
Title: Liberty Leading the People: July 28, 1830
Medium: Oil on canvas
Size: 8' 6 ½" X 10' 8" (260 X 325 cm)
Date: 1830
Source/ Museum: Musée du Louvre, Paris
Use of imagination and drama- individual romantic view of the revolution after the fall of Napoleon. Two lines of kings cropped up and the bloody rebellion was about getting the throne. Allegorical figure of the Romanic side of the battles. July 1830 revolution; Les Miserable by Hugo; Red, white, blue; all classes shown; over throw of the government for the Citizen King, Louise-Philippe; bought in not exhibited for 25 years

22. Image 107 Artist: Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres- student of David
Title: Large Odalisque, 1814
Medium: Oil on canvas
Size: 35 X 64" (88.9 X m)
Date: 1814
Source/ Museum: Musée
NeoClassical wing of David’s influence- influenced by Raphael. Formal, classical and graceful, won the Academy’s highest award and became the Director of the Academy. He was obsessed with line and graceful execution of it. Wanted to paint historical work, but became best known for his nudes. Was well known for this portraits.
Influenced by Mannerism; inconsistent arrangement of limbs and body; Turkish elements popular in the day; Titian.

23. Image 111 Joseph Mallard William Turner
The Slave Ship or "Slavers Throwing overboard the Dead and Dying—Typhoon coming on
1840- oil on canvas
Practice to get insurance for drowning- during a typhoon- dead, dying or just recalcitrant slaves overboard. This was an abolitionists statement.
Exhibited in 1840 at the Royal Academy with the Poem- “The Fallacies of Hope”; true story from 1781; slaves were insured against accidental drowning- were thrown overboard;Book written by Thomas Clarkson; England freed slaves in 1833; emotional use of color and brush strokes- the first real Impressionist; THE SUBLIME ( the AWE)

24. John Constable
The Hay Wain 1821
Oil on canvas
Against Turner’s approach- against the Industrial Revolution

25. Image 109 Artist: Thomas Cole
Title: The Oxbow
Medium: Oil on canvas
Size: 51½ X 76" (1.31 X 1.94 m)
Date: 1836
Source/ Museum: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Gift of Mrs. Russell Sage, 1908 – founder of the Hudson River School in US;
Came from England to US and did portraits. Discovered landscapes and became part of the Hudson River School.View from Mt. Holyoke. Allegory of the two sides of America- the eastern side- with cities and the western side with wild landscape. Fading storm? Wild will give way to the cities. Romantic vs the Classical in one painting; self portrait in one corner covered in wild plants; Large size for an exhibition

27. Caspar David Friedrich, The Polar Sea 1842
The Sublime
Human hubris vs nature

28. Photography- Camera Obscura used in the latter century- 17th Century
Photosensitive paper created photograms- which represented outlines of objects
Modern Photography- England and France
French- daguerreotype after Louise Dagerre- single image with detail- no negative
English- Talbot invented the calotype- with a negative on glass could reproduce many images- Showed at the Royal Academy in 1839
As shutter speeds got faster- could take pictures of people so they would not
Have to sit still for so long
PHOTOGRAPY WAS THE GREAT EQUALIZER- anyone could take pictures, anyone
Could learn… no schools or rules- women!

29. Image 110- Artist: Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
Title: The Artist’s Studio
Medium: Daguerreotype
Size: 6 ½ X 8 ½" (16.5 X 21.6 cm)
Date: 1837
Daguerreotype/ not calotype
First to FIX images onto paper. Took a long time to accept photography as an art form. Still life inspired by Vanitas paintings; varieties of textures and shapes; new art forms inspired by old art forms

30. Romantic Sculpture-
Political Agendas just like paintings

31. Artist: François Rude
Title: Departure of the Volunteers of 1792 (the Marseillaise)- is part of the Arch de Triomphe
Medium: Limestone
Size: height approx. 42' (12.8 m)
Date: 1833–36
Source/ Museum: Arc de Triomphe, Place de l’Étoile, Paris
Romantic Sculpture- After the July Monarchy- restoring the king after Napoleon- the Arch de Triomphe was completed with this on the side. Commemorates the volunteer armies that halted the Prussian invasion in the 1790s. Winged Liberty with armed Roman soldiers and street soldiers. The Marseilles was a favorite of the people. French National Anthem named after it.