1. French Absolutism, Enlightenment, & Revolution!
Outcome: Napoleon Bonaparte

2. Constructive Response Question
Trace the development and reign of Napoleon Bonaparte.

3. What Will We Learn? Early military success Napoleon rules France
The Continental System
The Peninsular War
Invasion of Russia
Banished x’s 2

4. Napoleon: Who was he?

5. His parents and close acquaintances called him by his nickname, Nabulio

6. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte: Who was he?
Born in 1769 on Mediterranean Island of Corsica
Short guy- only 5 feet 3 inches tall
Considered one of greatest military leaders of all time

8. He is famous for his allegedly short stature, however he was about 1
He is famous for his allegedly short stature, however he was about 1.70 m, an average height during those times

9. The reason for the confusion could have been because the height recorded on his death was 5 ft 2 in French units…which translates to about 5 foot 6 today

10. He also liked to surround himself with extremely tall soldiers from the Elite Guard which could have contributed to a short appearance

11. Perhaps not surprisingly, as a child he was very good at math but had awful social skills and was very domineering

12. It was suggested by his teachers that he join the military

13. Napoleon Bonaparte Successes and Coup d’etat
October 1795 rebels marched on National Convention where Napoleon and his gunners successfully forced rebels to panic and flee. Hailed as a hero in France.
1796 Napoleon appointed to lead French army against Austria and Kingdom of Sardinia- swept into Italy and won a series of victories
Tried to repeat success in Egypt but defeated by Horatio Nelson. Napoleon kept this news out of newspapers and was still a hero to France
By 1799, The Directory had lost political confidence of people and after return from Egypt, Napoleon is urged to seize political power
Napoleon becomes first consul and assumes power as a dictator
Coup d’etat- sudden seizure of power or blow to the state

14. Napoleon’s Rise to Power
Earlier military career  the Egyptian Campaign:
1798  he was defeated by a British navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson, who destroyed the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile.
Abandoning his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France and received a hero’s welcome!

15. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Rules France
1800 plebiscite (vote of the people) approved a new constitution which gave all the real power to Napoleon as first consul; Kept many changes from the Revolution
Righted economy by creating national banking system and efficient tax collection
Signed concordat (agreement) with Pope- government recognized influence of the Church but rejected Church control in national affairs
Created Napoleonic Code- uniform set of laws that eliminated many injustices

16. Code Napoleon, 1804 It divides civil law into: Personal status.
Property.
The acquisition of property.
Its purpose was to reform the French legal code to reflect the principles of the Fr. Revolution.
Create one law code for France.

17. Napoleon and His Code

18. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Rules France Continued…
Crowned himself emperor in took crown from pope and placed on own head

20. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Rules France Continued…
Sold Louisiana Territory to President Jefferson in 1803 for $15 million

22. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Rules France Continued…
Created largest empire in Europe since the Romans
Lost naval Battle of Trafalgar to British and Horatio Nelson which had 2 effects:
Ensured supremacy of British Navy for next 100 years
Forced Napoleon to give up plans for Britain
By 1812, Napoleon controlled Spain, Grand Duchy of Warsaw, and German Kingdoms as well as France

23. His wife's real name was Marie Josephe Rose Tascher de la Pagerie

24. Napoleon didn't like it, so he renamed her Josephine

25. She had two children from a previous marriage and her daughter ended up marrying Napoleon's brother on his request

26. He thought that Josephine brought him good luck so he always carried a portrait miniature of her into battle

27. The Empress Josephine

28. Josephine’s Bedroom

29. Napoleon’s Throne

30. Napoleon’s Bed Chamber

31. Napoleon’s Empire in 1810

32. Napoleon Bonaparte Three Costly Mistakes Continental System:
To crush Great Britain, Napoleon used a blockade to prevent trade and communication between Great Britain and Europe
Not tight enough, smugglers got through
Great Britain responded with own blockade- more effective
Led to War of 1812 (Great Britain vs. America)

34. Napoleon Bonaparte The Peninsular War
Guerrilla fighters in Spain resisted Napoleon’s forces who were trying to enforce Continental System on Spain
Napoleon loses 300,000 men which weakens French Empire

35. Napoleon Bonaparte Invasion of Russia
Breakdown on Russian-French alliance caused Napoleon to invade Russia
Napoleon brought 420,000 soldiers
Russians used scorched earth policy- burning supplies to hinder enemy
Czar Alexander destroys Moscow by time Napoleon takes city
Russian army attacks Napoleon’s troops on way back, only 10,000 are left

36. Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscow
September 14, 1812  Napoleon reached Moscow, but the city had largely been abandoned.
The Russians had set fire to the city.

37. Moscow Is On Fire!

38. Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)

43. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon’s Downfall
Army defeated allied army of European powers and by early 1814 the leaders of Prussia and Russia marched triumphantly through French capital
April 1814, Napoleon accepted terms of surrender and gave up throne
Banished to tiny Italian island, Elba
Louis XVI’s brother took power but was very unpopular

45. Napoleon in Exile on Elba

46. Louis XVIII (r )

48. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon’s Downfall Continued…
Napoleon escapes Elba and in March 1815 lands back in France
Joyous crowds welcome him back and within days was emperor of France again
Europe responded: Britain and Prussia attacked at Battle of Waterloo
Defeat at Waterloo ended 2nd bid for power known as the Hundred Days
Exiled to St. Helena- island in South Atlantic
Died of a stomach ailment in 1821

50. Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena

52. Napoleon’s Tomb

53. Hitler Visits Napoleon’s Tomb
June 28, 1940

54. Napoleon Bonaparte
Result: Napoleon was a military genius but millions of lives were lost in his wars. The British would become the dominant force in Europe and European countries were freed to establish a new order.

55. It was known that Napoleon had “Ailurophobia”, meaning he was afraid of cats.

56. Did you know that to this day it is illegal to name a pig “Napoleon” in France? 

57. For this reason, if you read the book Animal Farm in French, the pig will be named Cesar instead of Napoleon

58. For most of history, traffic kept to the left side of road
For most of history, traffic kept to the left side of road. According to historians, Napoleon, for whatever reason, played a crucial role in shifting that paradigm throughout Europe

59. Well, at least everywhere except the United Kingdom (Britain), which he never conquered

60. Napoleon was famously beaten in chess by the Turk, a fake chess playing machine that actually had a person hiding inside of it. Napoleon didn't know that though.

61. He would often dress in poor clothes and walk the streets of Paris asking people questions. This way he could judge how popular he was.

62. Napoleon's last words were "France, army, head of the army, Josephine"

63. It was Napoleon's army that first used canned foods

64. For whatever reason it was said that he had an acute sense of smell

65. He also apparently was terrified of open doors
He also apparently was terrified of open doors. Anybody entering the room had to squeeze through a barely adequate opening and then close the door immediately

66. All of his meals were eaten quickly and in silence

67. His favorite was roast chicken with fried potatoes and onions

68. It has been said that he was a workaholic and he would only sleep 3 or 4 hours per night

69. Napoleon allegedly wore a packet of poison on a cord around his neck
Napoleon allegedly wore a packet of poison on a cord around his neck. When he finally went to use it in 1814 it had lost its potency and only succeeded in making him violently ill

70. Constructive Response Question
Trace the development and reign of Napoleon Bonaparte.