1. PATH TO CONFEDERATION
SS 10: MS. PASICHNYK

2. ADVANTAGES
Economic Stability: tariffs removed & trade within colonies would prosper
Avoid threat of US expansion/invasion; annexation & Manifest Destiny
Bring a much needed railway to unite the colonies=increase trade/defense; transportation

3. Advantages con’t
Strong Central Government/Improved Government: more efficient and better structure (no more Double Majority and Political Deadlock)
Overall Stronger Military
Support population expansion/growth

4. Disadvantages Cost to build the railway
People outside of central Canada like the Maritime Provinces of PEI, NS, NB and Newfoundland felt like outsiders and were concerned about their minority status and being ruled by a Central Government
Overall: did not see the benefits yet

5. GREAT COALITION
When Macdonald & Brown & Cartier chose to work together (not against each other towards a common goal of uniting BNA)

6. 3 Conferences 1. CHARLOTTETOWN CONFERENCE (1864)
2. QUEBEC CONFERENCE (1864)
3. LONDON CONFERENCE (1866)
3 Conferences
The Confederation of Canada was decided in three separate conferences

7. Charlottetown Conference
September, 1864
Originally held to discuss union of Maritime Colonies, but…
Macdonald, Brown, Cartier & Alexander Galt attended to propose a uniting of all the countries and one central government
Charlottetown Conference

8. Confederation House: Charlottetown
August, 2009
Ms. Pasichnyk

9. Actual meeting room of the Charlottetown Conference
August, 2009
Ms. Pasichnyk

10. Main topics discussed Points in favour of a union
Possible financial arrangements
What a united government might look like

11. Foundations for the new country
Preserve the ties with Great Britain
Responsible government at ALL three levels of government
Appointment of a governor general by the British Crown
It was decided that the conference warranted further discussion-Quebec Conference

12. Quebec Conference: October, 1864
Attendees: Province of Canada, NB, NS, PEI & Newfoundland
Macdonald led the talks
2nd big meeting towards Confederation
Resulted in the “72 Resolutions” (sometimes called the blueprint/plan) which was the basis for how Canada would be governed and the basic framework for Canada’s Constitution

13. London Conference (Westminster conference)
December 1866
Purpose: To gain British Approval for the Confederation of Canada
Results:
Name decided: “Dominion of Canada”
Prime Minister: John A. Macdonald
London Conference (Westminster conference)

14. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT (BNA)
*The passing of the BNA act resulted in the Dominion of Canada.
*It was celebrated on July 1st, 1867
The 1st four provinces to join were:
Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick & Nova Scotia
BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT (BNA)

15. Let’s look at the 1st flag again. Which crest belongs to which province?

16. Building of a nation 1867: Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia
1870: Manitoba, NWT
1871: British Columbia
1873: Prince Edward Island
1898: Yukon
1905: Alberta & Saskatchewan
1949: Newfoundland (NFLD & Labrador 2001)
1999: Nunavut

17. Sites used
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