1. Amber Peabody Lena Dreves
Bronze C19300 in Cymbals
Amber Peabody Lena Dreves

2. Drum Cymbals Cymbals are a common percussion instrument and
a important part of the drum set
Cymbals consists of thin, normally round plates of
various alloys
Different Brands of Cymbals include: Sabian,
Zildjian, Paiste, Meinl, Istanbul, Mehmet, Stagg
Four main copper based alloys: malleable bronze,
bell bronze, brass, and nickel silver
Bell Bronze: B8 and B20 bronze

3. Drum Cymbals in Music Drum Cymbals are essential to all drum kits for any type of music.
Most Drum sets include at least four different types of cymbals:
Crash Cymbal
Ride Cymbal
Hi-Hat Cymbals
Splash Cymbals
Others: China Cymbal, and Effects Cymbal
Cymbals are used in:
Orchestra
Percussion ensembles
Jazz bands
Heavy Metal bands
Marching bands.

4. Composition of Bronze C91300
Elements
Copper:
79-82%
mallability
Tin:
18-20%
Improves solid solution strengthening
Improves corrosion resistance
Phosphorus:
1% Max
Nickel:
0.5% Max
Zinc:
0.25% Max

5. Properties of C91300 Mechanical Properties Thermal Properties
Hardness Values
160 BHN
51 RA
83 RB
Impact Strength
Tensile Strength
35 KSI
Thermal Properties
Melting Point
1020oC
1868oF
Density
8.719 g/cm3

6. Naming System Classification Wrought Copper Alloys: C10000-C79999
Tin bronze
ASTM B22
Wrought Copper Alloys: C10000-C79999
Cast Copper Alloys: C80000-C99999
C80000 – C83299 High Copper Alloys
C83300 – C85999 Brasses
C86000 –C95999 Bronzes
C96000 – C96999 Copper Nickel Alloys
C97000 – C97999 Nickel Silver Alloys
C98000 – C98999 Copper Lead Alloys
C99000 – C9999 Special Alloys

7. Manufacturing Processes
Casting:
Melted alloy is poured into a circular mold.
Cymbals start as a circular casting of the alloy.
Heat Treating:
C91300 does not respond to heat treatment
Castings are heated up to 800oC to make them soft
Cross Rolling:
Rolled between two rollers
Heated again
Rolled again
Repeated up to 12 times
Strengthens the alloy
The melted alloy is poured into a circular mold.
This alloy does not respond to heat treating but the castings are heated at a temperature of about 800oC to make them soft.
After being heated the castings are rolled, heated then rolled again, up to about 12 times, creating a cross rolled effect that strengthens the alloy.

8. Manufacturing Processes
Refining
Hammering:
Machine Hammered
Following a computer program
Lathing
Removes the outer layer of the alloy
Adds tonal groves
Done by both a person and a machine
Cymbals are hammered by a machine following a computer program.
Tonal groves are added by removing the outer layer of the alloy, this is done by both a person and a machine.

9. Manufacturing Processes Video
Making Zildjian Cymbals

10. Acoustics in Cymbals Properties that Affect Acoustics:
Dampening Capacity- The ability of a material to absorb vibration by internal friction and convert the mechanical energy into heat.
Low dampening capacity
Elastic Modulus- The ratio of stress (nominal) to corresponding strain below the proportional limit of a material.
117 GPa
16969 KSI
Time and Wear is a Factor

11. Cymbal Anatomy Size Shape Thickness Bow Weight Bell Taper Diameter
Height
Bow
Bell
Taper
Edge

12. Other Applications
Piston Rings
Bearings
Bushings
Bridge plates
Bells