1. Warm up 2/10
Go ahead and start working on the “Where did it come from?” quiz on your desk.

2. The Immigrant Experience American Immigration 1865-1920

3. Coming to America
In the 5+ decades following the Civil War, ( ), a flood of immigrants came to America.
U.S. population in million
From , approx. 30 million additional people entered the country

4. 1st Wave 2nd Wave 3rd Wave 4th Wave Waves of Immigration
The United States experienced 4 major waves of immigration
1st Wave
Began in 1600’s with first colonists.
Majority of immigrants from England
2nd Wave
1820’s-1870’s
Irish, German and Chinese
Approx. 40% of 2nd wave were Irish.
3rd Wave
Approx. 23 million immigrants
Mostly from Eastern and Southern Europe
4th Wave
Begins in 1965
Built upon new Immigration law reform

5. 2nd Wave “Old Immigration” Time Period—1820-1880
Nationalities– Northern & Western Europe, British Isles (Great Britain and Ireland), Germany, & Scandinavia
Characteristics—mainly Protestant, English speaking, high literacy level, and high level of occupational skills

6. 3rd wave “New Immigration” Time Period—1881-1920
Nationalities—Southern & Eastern Europe. Italians, Greeks, Croat, Slovaks, Poles, and Russian
Characteristic—poor, illiterate peasants, not accustomed to democracy, largely Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, and Jewish

7. Push Factors: Conditions that help push a person out of a location
Why Did They Come?
Push Factors: Conditions that help push a person out of a location
Wars
Famine
Religious Persecution
Overpopulation
Pull Factors: Conditions that help draw a person to a location
Jobs
Freedom

8. Push/Pull Factors for 2nd Wave
Potato Famine in Ireland from
Population of Ireland decreased by 20-25%
German people escaping political persecution- German revolution1848
: Largest group of Immigrants to the U.S.
California Gold Rush (1848) and Transcontinental Railroad (1862)
Lured thousands of Chinese in search of fortune/work

9. Push/Pull Factors for 3rd Wave
Religious Persecution
Jewish persecution in Eastern Europe/Russia
Easier transoceanic transportation
Steamships: cut travel across the Atlantic down from 3 months to 2 weeks.
Overcrowding/Scarcity of farmland in Europe.

10. activity
Read The Rush of Immigrants and answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper:
What are some characteristics of the groups that immigrated to the U.S. before 1880?
How were New Immigrants different from Old Immigrants?
Why did immigrants come to the U.S.?
Why did some Americans not want immigrants to come to the U.S.?
What was typical of the children of immigrants?
Honors: America claims that it is the “melting pot”. Do you agree? How has Americans acted in support and in defiance of this characterization?

11. Warm up 2/13
Use your textbook to work on the handout on your desk. This will contain a majority of the notes needed for today’s slides, as well as some review information from Friday.

12. Most immigrants to America were poor
How Did They Get Here?
Most immigrants to America were poor
Passage often cost a life’s savings
Families would save enough money to send one or two family members to America
Hoped those family members could earn enough to bring over the rest of the family

13. The steerage deck was usually overcrowded
How Did They Get Here?
The steerage deck was usually overcrowded
Below deck was crowded, dark, and damp
Lack of air
Low food rations
Contagious disease

14. By 1910, six million immigrants had come through Ellis Island
In 1892, Congress designated a 3 acre island in New York Bay as an immigration station to “screen” immigrants as they arrived.
By 1910, six million immigrants had come through Ellis Island

15. Ellis Island Medical Exam Survey- Name, Occupation, Financial Standing
Extensive process to become citizens:
Medical Exam
Survey- Name, Occupation, Financial Standing
Average money on hand: $18-$25

16. Processed at “Angel Island”
Asian Immigrants
U.S. signed Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882; barred all Chinese laborers from entering the U.S.
Act only allowed entrance to merchants, clergy, diplomats, teachers, and students.
Processed at “Angel Island”
Located in California
Very slow process

17. Ethnic Cities
Majority of immigrants settled in cities where factory jobs were available
Many immigrants lived in areas with people of similar ethnic backgrounds
Example: Little Italy, New York City

18. The Rise of Large Cities
Growth of Industrial Cities
Urbanization: city building
and the movement of
people to cities
- Populations in cities
doubled or tripled in size

19. The Rise of Large Cities
Living Conditions
No plans
No building codes
No sanitary codes

20. Living Conditions Lacked adequate amount of housing.
Little opportunity for education
Very little police protection
Most of the unpaved streets
had no drains, collected
heaps of garbage

21. Nativism
Increased waves of immigration led to increased feelings of nativism
An extreme dislike for immigrants by native-born people and a desire to limit immigration
Anti-immigration Societies American Protective Association: Despised Catholics and foreigners
Workingman’s Party of California: Goal was to fight Chinese immigration

22. Impact of Anti-Immigrant Movement
Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907
Informal agreement between the U.S. and Japan in which U.S. would not impose restrictions on Japanese immigration, and Japan would not allow further emigration to the U.S.
Chinese Exclusion Act- barred Chinese laborers - Chinese already in country denied citizenship

23. Activity: Short answer
Read the Workingmen of San Francisco and Autobiography of a Chinese Immigrant Documents. Please use them to answer the following in 2-3 sentences (each):
1. (Before reading) What is your hypothesis (initial guess) on why the Chinese Exclusion Act was introduced?
2. Why do the Workingmen feel the need for the Chinese Exclusion Act?
3. What is stated as a real reason for the introduction of anti-Chinese prejudice?
4. How are the Chinese productive members of society?