1. Sustaining Biodiversity: The Species Approach
G. Tyler Miller’s
Living in the Environment
14th Edition
Chapter 12

2. Key Concepts Human effects on extinction rates
Understanding biodiversity and extinction
How human activities endanger wildlife
Preventing extinction
Reconciliation ecology

3. Species Extinction Local extinction Ecological extinction
Biological extinction

4. Endangered and Threatened Species
Endangered species
Threatened (vulnerable) species
Florida manatee
Northern spotted owl (threatened)
Gray wolf
Florida panther
Bannerman's turaco (Africa)
© 2004 Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning
From Fig p. 227

5. Extinction Rates Background (natural) rate of extinction
Mass extinction
Extinction
spasm
Fig. 5-9 p. 96

6. Characteristics of Extinction Prone Species
Fig p. 228

7. Problems Estimating Extinction Rates
Extinction not easily documented over time
Many species remain unidentified
Little is known about most identified species

8. Estimating Extinction Rates
Species-area relationships
Population viability analysis (PVA)
Minimum viable population (MVP)
Minimum dynamic area (MDA)

9. Causes of Depletion of Wild Species
Human population growth
Increasing per capita resource use
Endangered centers of biodiversity
Environmental destruction
Spread of opportunistic species

10. Causes of Premature Extinction of Wild Species
Fig p. 231

11. Importance of Wild Species
Rebuilding biodiversity is slow
Instrumental value
Genetic information
Eco-tourism
Ecological value
Intrinsic value

12. Habitat Loss and Degradation
Greatest threat to species
“HIPPO”
Habitat destruction
Invasive species
Population (humans) growth
Pollution
Overharvesting

13. Threats from Nonnative Species
Fig p. 238
Arrival
Roles of non-
native species
Prevention
Examples
(p. 235)
See Case Study
p. 237
Fig p. 238

14. Other Extinction Threats
Hunting and Poaching
Predators and Pest Control
Exotic Pets and Decorative Plants
Climate Change and Pollution

15. Protecting Wild Species: The Research and Legal Approaches
International Treaties: CITES and CBD
U.S. National Laws: Lacey Act Endangered Species Act
Habitat recovery plans

16. Endangered Species Act
Private versus public poverty rights
Win-win compromises
Weaken or strengthen the Act?

17. Protecting Wild Species: The Sanctuary Approach
Wildlife refuges and protected areas
Gene banks, botanical gardens, and farms
Zoos and Aquariums

18. Reconciliation Ecology
Establishing and maintaining new habitats
Being good neighbors to wildlife
Reward voluntary conservation efforts
See Case Study p. 248

19. Conservation: What Can I Do?
Fig p. 249