1. The Respiratory System

2. Respiratory System FUNCTIONS: Air distribution
Filters,Warms and humidifies the air
Gas exchange
Supply body with oxygen
Dispose of carbon dioxide

3. System Location Upper Torso Protected by the rib cage
Flank the heart laterally

4. Parts of the Respiratory System
Lungs
Nasal Cavity
Larynx
Pharynx
Esophagus
Trachea
Bronchus
Diaphragm
Alveoli

5. The Upper Respiratory Tract
Mouth/Oral Cavity/Nose/Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx “Voice Box”

6. Nose/ Nasal Cavity Provides pathway for respiration
Moistens and warms incoming air
Filters air
Helps with speech
smell

7. Pharynx Common passageway for food, liquid, and air
Contains uvula and tonsils

8. Larynx (voice box) Open airway Routes food and air Speech
Laryngitis – swollen vocal folds

9. The Lower Respiratory Tract
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Alveoli

10. Trachea (windpipe) Carries air to lungs 10-12 cm long (4 in.)
2.5 cm in diameter (1 in.)
flexible

11. The Bronchus Tube-like structures – 2 tubes that branch
Carries air into the lungs
Conduct air to the alveoli and then back to the Trachea
End at the alveoli
Bronchi
Bronchioles

12. The Lungs 2, cone-shaped Right is larger
Constructed of elastic connective tissue
Soft, spongy, 2.5 pounds

13. Alveoli Site of gas exchange Are sac arranged like bunches of grapes
Oxygen transferred into the blood system
Carbon Dioxide removed
Are sac arranged like bunches of grapes
Flexible and elastic
Typical human lung has 700 million
Surface area of 70 m2
Alveoli take up to 1 year to regenerate

15. Respiration – 4 processes
Ventilation – move of air in/out of lungs (breathing)
External respiration – gas exchange between blood and air
Transport of respiratory gas – transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide from lungs to body tissues via blood
Internal respiration – gas exchange between blood and cells

16. Respiratory Diseases
The respiratory system is very vulnerable to infections
Can be caused by bacteria, viral or genetic conditions
Smoking (anything) can increase the risk
Diseases
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Lung Cancer
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Pneumonia
Asthma

17. Hyperventilation Can occur when breathing extremely slow or shallow
Build up of carbonic acid in blood
Carbon Dioxide levels get low
Can cause you to pass out
Can be caused by anxiety attacks
Breathe into a paper bag
Levels will balance out
Brief periods without breathing are called apnea

18. Bronchitis Mucus membrane becomes inflamed
Swelling of the bronchis can occur
Often times caused by a virus
Can last a couple of weeks (acute) or
it can last for months (chronic)

19. Asthma Chronic (long-term) lung disease
Inflames and narrows the airways.
Recurring periods of wheezing
chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing
The coughing often occurs at night or early in the morning.
Use inhalers to control
Starts in childhood (usually)
25 million in the U.S
7 million children

20. Emphysema Chronic disease
Poor air flow due to lung tissue breaking down
Coughing, shortness of breath
Often caused by smoking
Large carbon deposits on the Lungs
4th leading cause of death in the world
3 million in the U.S. per year

21. Pneumonia Inflammation of the alveoli Caused by virus or bacteria
Often hear or feel a “rattle” in the Lungs
Result from other sicknesses that aren’t treated
Affects approximately 450 million people globally per year,
4 million deaths,

22. Lung Cancer Uncontrolled cell growth in Lung tissue.
Tumors
If left untreated, this growth can spread
Called Metastasis
Spreads to other areas of the body
80-90% are caused by smoking
Leading cancer killer
160,000 in 2012

25. COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Causes obstructed airflow to the lungs
Emphysema and bronchitis are the two most common diseases that contribute to COPD
at increased risk of developing heart disease, lung cancer and a variety of other conditions

26. Tuberculosis (TB)
bacteria that cause TB are spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes
Spread by breathing in airborne droplets
Types: Tuberculosis, Drug-resistant tuberculosis, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
Latent TB – bacteria can live inside you without showing symptoms
Symptoms – bad cough, coughing up blood, weakness/fatigue, weight loss, fever, etc.