1. Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis

2. Background Information
Producers: are able to convert the sun’s energy into glucose through a process called photosynthesis
Include plants, some protists and bacteria
AKA autotrophs
Photosynthesis requires a special set of pigments called chlorophylls to trap the sunlight in order to make glucose from the water and CO2 from the atmosphere

3. Background Information (con’t.)
Consumers: eat producers or other consumers in order to get the stored glucose to use for their own needs
Includes animals, some protists & bacteria
Consumers are AKA heterotrophs
Fungus, bacteria and some protists are part of a specialized group of consumers AKA decomposers (AKA saprophytes) that eat dead organic material

4. Food Chain Vocabulary

5. Food Webs Food webs are simply overlapping food chains
Food webs are complex diagrams showing the relationships between many different organisms

6. Energy Potential energy is stored energy that could be used for work
The chemical energy stored between the bonds of atoms is a type of PE.
All bonds (ATP, sugar, protein, lipid) store energy
Kinetic energy is energy of motion, work being done
Kinetic energy that does not get work done is called thermal energy (heat)
When bonds are broken, some of the energy is released as heat

7. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

8. ATP
ATP is broken down to release the energy between the high energy bonds of the phosphate groups
ATP  ADP + Pi
ATP is required for cells to do their work and is made from food
ATP can be made from spare phosphate groups and ADP
ADP + Pi  ATP
This process is called cellular respiration and occurs in the mitochondrion of eukaryotic cells

9. ATP Review ATP is the energy ‘currency’ of your cells
All foods entering the body convert the chemical energy stored between their bonds into the high energy bonds between the phosphate groups of ATP
The reason for this is that ATP is a very small molecule
This allows a large amount of energy to be used quickly and easily in the cell
ATP’s small size also allows it to travel quickly throughout the cell

10. Cellular Respiration Results in ATP production
Occurs in the mitochondrion
The mitochondrion has an inner membrane AKA the cristae (the folds)
The center of the mitochondrion is called the matrix

11. Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration
Requires oxygen which acts as the ‘final electron acceptor’ in the ets
Requires a mitochondrion
Results in 38 ATP per glucose molecule
Eukaryotes
Anaerobic Respiration
Does not require oxygen
Does not require a mitochondrion
Results in 2 ATP per glucose molecule
Prokaryotes (and eukaryotes in certain situations)

12. Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis

13. Photosynthesis General Equation for photosynthesis:
CO2 + H20-chlorophyll
Glucose + O2
Notice that the products of photosynthesis are the reactants of aerobic respiration

14. Chloroplast
Thylakoids are the individual chlorophyll containing structures
A granum is a stack of thylakoids
The stroma is the fluid surrounding the thylakoids

15. Leaf Cross Section

16. Photosynthesis

17. The Carbon Cycle
Carbon is cycled throughout the environment in part through the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Carbon is stored in organic material, rocks (limestone), and in the atmosphere

18. The Carbon Cycle