1. Space Boot Camp
4.8C:
Collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance of the Moon over time. (Supporting Standard)
MS ?’s Start # 52

2. A. The length of the shadow will stay the same.
STAAR 2013 #7; RC3; Supporting
1. The graph below shows changes in the length of the shadow of a tree during part of a day:
If this day continues to be sunny, what will most likely happen to the length of the shadow from 2P.M. to 4P.M.?
A. The length of the shadow will stay the same.
B. The length of the shadow will decrease and then increase.
C. The length of the shadow will increase.
D. The length of the shadow will decrease.

3. A. The length of the shadow will stay the same.
STAAR 2013 #7; RC3; Supporting
1. The graph below shows changes in the length of the shadow of a tree during part of a day:
If this day continues to be sunny, what will most likely happen to the length of the shadow from 2P.M. to 4P.M.?
A. The length of the shadow will stay the same.
B. The length of the shadow will decrease and then increase.
C. The length of the shadow will increase.
D. The length of the shadow will decrease.

4. TAKS 2004—#21 (40%)
2. Tides on the Texas coast usually occur twice — A daily B weekly C monthly D yearly

5. TAKS 2004—#21 (40%)
2. Tides on the Texas coast usually occur twice — A daily B weekly C monthly D yearly

6. 2011—STAAR™ Released Test Questions, #8
3. A student observed the apparent shape of the moon every night for a period of 60 days. On Day 10 the student observed a full moon. On which other day did the student most likely observe a full moon? A Day 20 B Day 30 C Day 40 D Day 50

7. 2011—STAAR™ Released Test Questions, #8
3. A student observed the apparent shape of the moon every night for a period of 60 days. On Day 10 the student observed a full moon. On which other day did the student most likely observe a full moon? A Day 20 B Day 30 C Day 40 D Day 50
**Because a full lunar cycle takes about 30 days – so = 40

8. 4. The tilt of the Earth on its axis as it moves around the sun MOST affects the— A timing of the tides B length of a month C cycle of the seasons D phases of the moon

9. 4. The tilt of the Earth on its axis as it moves around the sun MOST affects the— A timing of the tides B length of a month C cycle of the seasons D phases of the moon

10. 5. Which phase of the moon would have been seen most recently BEFORE the phase shown in the picture below? A C B D
Waxing Gibbous
Full Moon
New Moon
Third Quarter
First Quarter

11. 5. Which phase of the moon would have been seen most recently BEFORE the phase shown in the picture below? A C B D
Waxing Gibbous
Full Moon
New Moon
Third Quarter
First Quarter

12. 6. Earth would not have seasons if— A. it did not rotate B
6. Earth would not have seasons if— A it did not rotate B it was slightly closer to the sun C it was not tilted on its axis D it had more than one moon

13. 6. Earth would not have seasons if— A. it did not rotate B
6. Earth would not have seasons if— A it did not rotate B it was slightly closer to the sun C it was not tilted on its axis D it had more than one moon

14. 7. In Texas, it is warmer in summer than in winter because in summer— A Earth is closer to the sun B there are fewer clouds C Texas is tilted towards the sun D Texas is tilted away from the sun

15. 7. In Texas, it is warmer in summer than in winter because in summer— A Earth is closer to the sun B there are fewer clouds C Texas is tilted towards the sun D Texas is tilted away from the sun

16. 8. What causes the phases of the moon? A The Earth orbiting the moon B The sun reflecting the moon C The moon rotating on its axis D The moon orbiting the Earth

17. 8. What causes the phases of the moon? A The Earth orbiting the moon B The sun reflecting the moon C The moon rotating on its axis D The moon orbiting the Earth

18. 9. Seasons result from the Earth’s— A
9. Seasons result from the Earth’s— A rotation on its axis while orbiting the sun B tilt on its axis as it orbits the sun C distance from the sun during its orbit D atmosphere changing during its orbit  

19. 9. Seasons result from the Earth’s— A
9. Seasons result from the Earth’s— A rotation on its axis while orbiting the sun B tilt on its axis as it orbits the sun C distance from the sun during its orbit D atmosphere changing during its orbit  

20. 10. What season would it be in McKinney if it is summer in South America? A Summer B Autumn C Winter D Spring  

21. 10. What season would it be in McKinney if it is summer in South America? A Summer B Autumn C Winter D Spring  

22. 11. What change in the night sky occurs about every 28-30 days. A
11. What change in the night sky occurs about every days? A An eclipse of the moon B An eclipse of the sun C The phases of the moon D The orbit of the Earth  

23. 11. What change in the night sky occurs about every 28-30 days. A
11. What change in the night sky occurs about every days? A An eclipse of the moon B An eclipse of the sun C The phases of the moon D The orbit of the Earth  

24. 12. Which is the correct order of the moon phases. A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B
12. Which is the correct order of the moon phases? A 1, 2, 3, 4 B 2, 3, 4, 1 C 3, 2, 1, 4 D 4, 3, 2, 1

25. 12. Which is the correct order of the moon phases. A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B
12. Which is the correct order of the moon phases? A 1, 2, 3, 4 B 2, 3, 4, 1 C 3, 2, 1, 4 D 4, 3, 2, 1

26. 13. Which of the following cycles takes about twenty-eight days to complete? A The seasonal cycle B The carbon cycle C The water cycle D The lunar cycle  

27. 13. Which of the following cycles takes about twenty-eight days to complete? A The seasonal cycle B The carbon cycle C The water cycle D The lunar cycle  

28. 14. About how long will it take the Earth to move from Point B to Point A in the diagram? A 3 hours B 3 days C 3 months D 3 years  

29. 14. About how long will it take the Earth to move from Point B to Point A in the diagram? A 3 hours B 3 days C 3 months D 3 years  
**Since there are 12 months in a year – divide 12 by 4 and you get 3 months**

30. 15. Which of the following cycles takes about 28 days to complete. A
15. Which of the following cycles takes about 28 days to complete? A The Earth revolving around the sun B The moon rotating once on its axis C The Earth rotating once on its axis D The moon revolving around the Earth  

31. 15. Which of the following cycles takes about 28 days to complete. A
15. Which of the following cycles takes about 28 days to complete? A The Earth revolving around the sun B The moon rotating once on its axis C The Earth rotating once on its axis D The moon revolving around the Earth  

32. 16. The moon’s gravitational pull is responsible for the Earth’s— A
16. The moon’s gravitational pull is responsible for the Earth’s— A atmosphere B temperature C ocean tides D night and day  

33. 16. The moon’s gravitational pull is responsible for the Earth’s— A
16. The moon’s gravitational pull is responsible for the Earth’s— A atmosphere B temperature C ocean tides D night and day  

34. 17. Motions in the oceans caused by gravity are called— A. tides B
17. Motions in the oceans caused by gravity are called— A tides B waves C currents D upwellings

35. 17. Motions in the oceans caused by gravity are called— A. tides B
17. Motions in the oceans caused by gravity are called— A tides B waves C currents D upwellings

36. 18. If it is spring in South America, what season is it in North America? A Spring B Summer C Autumn D Winter

37. 18. If it is spring in South America, what season is it in North America? A Spring B Summer C Autumn D Winter

38. ?
Full Moon Waning Gibbous
19. What phase of the moon will come next? A C     Waxing Crescent Third Quarter   B D     Waxing Gibbous New Moon

39. ?
Full Moon Waning Gibbous
19. What phase of the moon will come next? A C     Waxing Crescent Third Quarter   B D     Waxing Gibbous New Moon

40. 20. The Earth’s axis tilts at an angle of 23 ½ degrees from vertical
20. The Earth’s axis tilts at an angle of 23 ½ degrees from vertical. This tilt and the rotation of the Earth on its axis as it revolves around the sun is responsible for – A the rock cycle B the water cycle C the weather D the seasons

41. 20. The Earth’s axis tilts at an angle of 23 ½ degrees from vertical
20. The Earth’s axis tilts at an angle of 23 ½ degrees from vertical. This tilt and the rotation of the Earth on its axis as it revolves around the sun is responsible for – A the rock cycle B the water cycle C the weather D the seasons

42. 21. The lunar cycle is— A. the repeating phases of the moon B
21. The lunar cycle is— A the repeating phases of the moon B precipitation that falls on the moon C the difference between day and night D the rotation of the moon on its axis

43. 21. The lunar cycle is— A. the repeating phases of the moon B
21. The lunar cycle is— A the repeating phases of the moon B precipitation that falls on the moon C the difference between day and night D the rotation of the moon on its axis

44. 22. Summer is warmer than winter because— A
22. Summer is warmer than winter because— A the Earth tilts toward the sun in summer B the moon is higher in the sky in summer C the Earth is closer to the sun in summer D the sun shines brighter in the summer

45. 22. Summer is warmer than winter because— A
22. Summer is warmer than winter because— A the Earth tilts toward the sun in summer B the moon is higher in the sky in summer C the Earth is closer to the sun in summer D the sun shines brighter in the summer

46. 23. The tilt of Earth’s axis helps to create which of the following. A
23. The tilt of Earth’s axis helps to create which of the following? A Day and night B The changing seasons C The revolution of the Earth D The phases of the moon

47. 23. The tilt of Earth’s axis helps to create which of the following. A
23. The tilt of Earth’s axis helps to create which of the following? A Day and night B The changing seasons C The revolution of the Earth D The phases of the moon

48. 24. Why do we see phases of the moon. A
24. Why do we see phases of the moon? A The Earth’s shadow on the moon changes over the month. B The distance to the moon changes slightly as it revolves around the Earth. C The part of the moon’s sunlit side that we can see from Earth changes. D Sometimes no part of the moon reflects light from the sun.

49. 24. Why do we see phases of the moon. A
24. Why do we see phases of the moon? A The Earth’s shadow on the moon changes over the month. B The distance to the moon changes slightly as it revolves around the Earth. C The part of the moon’s sunlit side that we can see from Earth changes. D Sometimes no part of the moon reflects light from the sun.

50. 25. In Texas, summer occurs in July and winter occurs in January
25. In Texas, summer occurs in July and winter occurs in January. Which of the following BEST describes the difference between January and July? A Earth is closer to the sun in July than in January. B Earth is closer to the sun in January than in July. C The Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun in July. D The Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun in January.

51. 25. In Texas, summer occurs in July and winter occurs in January
25. In Texas, summer occurs in July and winter occurs in January. Which of the following BEST describes the difference between January and July? A Earth is closer to the sun in July than in January. B Earth is closer to the sun in January than in July. C The Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun in July. D The Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun in January.

52. 26. Which of these is the MOST LIKELY cause of tides on the Earth. A
26. Which of these is the MOST LIKELY cause of tides on the Earth? A The gravitational pull of the Sun B The gravitational pull of the moon C The movement of water in the ocean D Wind on the surface of the ocean

53. 26. Which of these is the MOST LIKELY cause of tides on the Earth. A
26. Which of these is the MOST LIKELY cause of tides on the Earth? A The gravitational pull of the Sun B The gravitational pull of the moon C The movement of water in the ocean D Wind on the surface of the ocean

54. The diagram below shows the relative positions of Earth and the sun for each of the four seasons. Because Earth’s is an ellipse—not a circle—it is about 2 million miles closer the Sun in the winter than in the summer.   If the Earth is closer to the sun in winter, why is Texas colder in the winter than in the other seasons? A The sun releases less energy in winter. B The Eastern Hemisphere faces the sun during the winter. C The moon is between the sun and the Earth during winter. D The Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the sun in the winter.

55. The diagram below shows the relative positions of Earth and the sun for each of the four seasons. Because Earth’s is an ellipse—not a circle—it is about 2 million miles closer the Sun in the winter than in the summer.   If the Earth is closer to the sun in winter, why is Texas colder in the winter than in the other seasons? A The sun releases less energy in winter. B The Eastern Hemisphere faces the sun during the winter. C The moon is between the sun and the Earth during winter. D The Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the sun in the winter.

56. 28. Scientists use sensors that measure the angle of the Earth’s tilt
  28. Scientists use sensors that measure the angle of the Earth’s tilt. Which of the following could they determine by the direction of the Earth’s tilt? A When the next lunar eclipse will be B What seasons are occurring on Earth C What time of day is occurring on Earth D When a meteor shower will fall to Earth

57. 28. Scientists use sensors that measure the angle of the Earth’s tilt
  28. Scientists use sensors that measure the angle of the Earth’s tilt. Which of the following could they determine by the direction of the Earth’s tilt? A When the next lunar eclipse will be B What seasons are occurring on Earth C What time of day is occurring on Earth D When a meteor shower will fall to Earth

58.     29. At what point on the diagram above would it be winter in Houston? A Point A B Point B C Point C D Point D

59.     29. At what point on the diagram above would it be winter in Houston? A Point A B Point B C Point C D Point D

60. 30. The Earth orbits the sun once every 365. 25 days
30. The Earth orbits the sun once every days. At the point in the Earth’s orbit pictured above, which season is it in the Northern Hemisphere? A Fall B Winter C Spring D Summer

61. 30. The Earth orbits the sun once every 365. 25 days
30. The Earth orbits the sun once every days. At the point in the Earth’s orbit pictured above, which season is it in the Northern Hemisphere? A Fall B Winter C Spring D Summer

62. 31. Which occurs as a result of Earth’s tilt on its rotating axis. A
31. Which occurs as a result of Earth’s tilt on its rotating axis? A Movement of the tides B Prevalent or trade winds C Seasonal changes in the climate D Light and dark changes of day and night

63. 31. Which occurs as a result of Earth’s tilt on its rotating axis. A
31. Which occurs as a result of Earth’s tilt on its rotating axis? A Movement of the tides B Prevalent or trade winds C Seasonal changes in the climate D Light and dark changes of day and night

64. Maps of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres are shown below. 32
Maps of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres are shown below Which two cities will have summer at about the same time of year? A Sydney and Tokyo B Tokyo and Buenos Aires C Buenos Aires and New York D New York and Tokyo

65. Maps of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres are shown below. 32
Maps of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres are shown below Which two cities will have summer at about the same time of year? A Sydney and Tokyo B Tokyo and Buenos Aires C Buenos Aires and New York D New York and Tokyo

66. 33. Why are the sun’s rays more direct in the northern hemisphere in the summer? A The Earth is closer to the sun in the summer. B The North Pole is tilted toward the sun. C The South Pole is tilted toward the sun. D The Earth rotates more slowly in the summer.

67. 33. Why are the sun’s rays more direct in the northern hemisphere in the summer? A The Earth is closer to the sun in the summer. B The North Pole is tilted toward the sun. C The South Pole is tilted toward the sun. D The Earth rotates more slowly in the summer.

68. 34. The gravitational pull of the moon causes the daily rising and falling of the ocean waters that we call— A A tropical depression B A tsunami C Salinity D Tides

69. 34. The gravitational pull of the moon causes the daily rising and falling of the ocean waters that we call— A A tropical depression B A tsunami C Salinity D Tides

70. 35. Which sentence below explains why we see the phases of the Moon. A
35. Which sentence below explains why we see the phases of the Moon? A The moon is a large planet. B The moon revolves around the Earth. C The moon is covered with many craters. D The moon revolves around the Sun.

71. 35. Which sentence below explains why we see the phases of the Moon. A
35. Which sentence below explains why we see the phases of the Moon? A The moon is a large planet. B The moon revolves around the Earth. C The moon is covered with many craters. D The moon revolves around the Sun.

72. 36. Why does the moon have more effect on the tides on Earth than the sun has? A The moon is more dense than the sun. B The moon is in motion in space, while the sun is not. C The moon is larger than the sun. D The moon is nearer to the Earth than the sun.

73. 36. Why does the moon have more effect on the tides on Earth than the sun has? A The moon is more dense than the sun. B The moon is in motion in space, while the sun is not. C The moon is larger than the sun. D The moon is nearer to the Earth than the sun.

74. The amount of direct sunlight the Northern Hemisphere receives changes throughout the year. The diagram below shows Earth revolving around the Sun   37. In which month will the Northern Hemisphere receive the GREATEST amount of direct sunlight? A March B June C September D December

75. The amount of direct sunlight the Northern Hemisphere receives changes throughout the year. The diagram below shows Earth revolving around the Sun   37. In which month will the Northern Hemisphere receive the GREATEST amount of direct sunlight? A March B June C September D December

76. 38. A student takes a trip to Central America during the winter holidays. He finds out that the temperature in Central America is about the same year round. Which of the following could explain why? A Central America is near the North Pole. B Central America is near the South Pole. C Central America is near the equator. D Central America is near sea level.

77. 38. A student takes a trip to Central America during the winter holidays. He finds out that the temperature in Central America is about the same year round. Which of the following could explain why? A Central America is near the North Pole. B Central America is near the South Pole. C Central America is near the equator. D Central America is near sea level.

78. 39. What phase of the moon will come next in the sequence shown above
39. What phase of the moon will come next in the sequence shown above? A B C D

79. 39. What phase of the moon will come next in the sequence shown above
39. What phase of the moon will come next in the sequence shown above? A B C D

80. 40. Why is a new moon difficult to see in the night sky. A
40. Why is a new moon difficult to see in the night sky? A It is invisible. B It is hidden behind Mercury. C It is in the Earth’s shadow. D The side of the moon that is not lighted by the Sun faces the Earth

81. 40. Why is a new moon difficult to see in the night sky. A
40. Why is a new moon difficult to see in the night sky? A It is invisible. B It is hidden behind Mercury. C It is in the Earth’s shadow. D The side of the moon that is not lighted by the Sun faces the Earth

82. 41. Which picture shows a first quarter moon? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

83. 41. Which picture shows a first quarter moon? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

84.   42. The motion of the ocean caused by the pull of gravity from the moon is called— A currents B surf C tides D waves

85.   42. The motion of the ocean caused by the pull of gravity from the moon is called— A currents B surf C tides D waves

86. 43. When it is summer in the United States, it is winter in Brazil
43. When it is summer in the United States, it is winter in Brazil. What causes the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth to experience seasons at different times? A The Earth tilts on its axis. B There is more sunlight at the equator. C There are more winds north of the equator. D It takes the Earth about 365 days to orbit the sun.

87. 43. When it is summer in the United States, it is winter in Brazil
43. When it is summer in the United States, it is winter in Brazil. What causes the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth to experience seasons at different times? A The Earth tilts on its axis. B There is more sunlight at the equator. C There are more winds north of the equator. D It takes the Earth about 365 days to orbit the sun.

88. 44. The lunar cycle is completed in about a month because – A
44. The lunar cycle is completed in about a month because – A the moon rotates once on its axis in a month B Earth revolves once around the sun in a month C the sun makes one full orbit in a month D the moon revolves once around the Earth

89. 44. The lunar cycle is completed in about a month because – A
44. The lunar cycle is completed in about a month because – A the moon rotates once on its axis in a month B Earth revolves once around the sun in a month C the sun makes one full orbit in a month D the moon revolves once around the Earth

90. 45. In what direction does the Earth always tilt. A
45. In what direction does the Earth always tilt? A Towards the North Pole B Towards the South Pole C Towards the North Star D Towards the South Star

91. 45. In what direction does the Earth always tilt. A
45. In what direction does the Earth always tilt? A Towards the North Pole B Towards the South Pole C Towards the North Star D Towards the South Star

92. 46. If it is summer in the southern hemisphere, what season is it in the Northern Hemisphere? A Summer B Autumn C Winter D Spring

93. 46. If it is summer in the southern hemisphere, what season is it in the Northern Hemisphere? A Summer B Autumn C Winter D Spring

94. 47. Scientists might look for patterns in all of the following EXCEPT— A high and low tides B the life cycle of a beetle C the weather on a single day D the phases of the moon

95. 47. Scientists might look for patterns in all of the following EXCEPT— A high and low tides B the life cycle of a beetle C the weather on a single day D the phases of the moon

96. 48. As the moon revolves around the Earth, different phases are visible. The pattern of phases is called— A the stages of the moon B the lunar cycle C the life cycle of the moon D the changes to the moon

97. 48. As the moon revolves around the Earth, different phases are visible. The pattern of phases is called— A the stages of the moon B the lunar cycle C the life cycle of the moon D the changes to the moon

98. 49. The time between today’s sunrise and tomorrow’s sunrise would be about— A 29 days B 365 days C 12 hours D 24 hours

99. 49. The time between today’s sunrise and tomorrow’s sunrise would be about— A 29 days B 365 days C 12 hours D 24 hours

100. 50. A mother purchased a heavy jacket for her son on a 100°F August day. She made the purchase because she knows that— A Texas weather is unpredictable and very cold temperatures are common all year round B seasons change at about the same time each year and the temperature becomes colder during winter C seasons change every month or so and the temperature becomes colder during winter D seasons change on exactly the same day every other year and winter temperatures are colder

101. 50. A mother purchased a heavy jacket for her son on a 100°F August day. She made the purchase because she knows that— A Texas weather is unpredictable and very cold temperatures are common all year round B seasons change at about the same time each year and the temperature becomes colder during winter C seasons change every month or so and the temperature becomes colder during winter D seasons change on exactly the same day every other year and winter temperatures are colder

102. ?
Day Day Day Day Day 13
51. A student has been observing the moon every three days. On the seventh day, the moon could not been seen because of clouds. Which of these shows what the moon probably looked like on that day? A C B D

103. ?
Day Day Day Day Day 13
51. A student has been observing the moon every three days. On the seventh day, the moon could not been seen because of clouds. Which of these shows what the moon probably looked like on that day? A C B D

104. 52. How would you order the pictures below to show the correct seasonal sequence? S: fall T: winter U: summer V: spring A. S, T, U, V B. T, V, U, S C. V, S, T, U D. T, V, S, U
MS ?’s

105. 52. How would you order the pictures below to show the correct seasonal sequence? S: fall T: winter U: summer V: spring A. S, T, U, V B. T, V, U, S C. V, S, T, U D. T, V, S, U

106. 53. Earth experiences seasonal changes because of its orbit around the sun, which is also known as a – A. revolution B. precipitation C. rotation D. condensation

107. 53. Earth experiences seasonal changes because of its orbit around the sun, which is also known as a – A. revolution B. precipitation C. rotation D. condensation

108. 54. Students notice it is fairly easy to predict the time of day from the sun and a shadow cast on the ground since the length of a shadow changes throughout the day. The length of a shadow that is cast is comparative to the sun’s – A. height and angle as it appears to move across the sky B. length and height as it moves across the sky C. revolution as it orbits around the Earth D. rotation as it appears to spin on its axis

109. 54. Students notice it is fairly easy to predict the time of day from the sun and a shadow cast on the ground since the length of a shadow changes throughout the day. The length of a shadow that is cast is comparative to the sun’s – A. height and angle as it appears to move across the sky B. length and height as it moves across the sky C. revolution as it orbits around the Earth D. rotation as it appears to spin on its axis

110. 55. Scientists use a variety of tools and methods to conduct scientific inquiry. Which of the following tools would be helpful in studying the patterns of change in the appearance of the moon over time? A. Telescope B. Thermometer C. Microscope D. Timer

111. 55. Scientists use a variety of tools and methods to conduct scientific inquiry. Which of the following tools would be helpful in studying the patterns of change in the appearance of the moon over time? A. Telescope B. Thermometer C. Microscope D. Timer

112. 56. Every day, rising and falling of ocean water is caused by the pull of gravity from the moon and sun, affecting the movement of water across the ocean. Which pattern of change below is the daily rise and fall of the ocean level? A. tides B. moon phases C. seasons D. shadows

113. 56. Every day, rising and falling of ocean water is caused by the pull of gravity from the moon and sun, affecting the movement of water across the ocean. Which pattern of change below is the daily rise and fall of the ocean level? A. tides B. moon phases C. seasons D. shadows

114. 57. The revolution of the moon around the Earth makes the moon appear to change its shape in the sky. The changing shape of the lit part of the moon that we see is called? A. Crescent B. Position C. Phase D. State

115. 57. The revolution of the moon around the Earth makes the moon appear to change its shape in the sky. The changing shape of the lit part of the moon that we see is called? A. Crescent B. Position C. Phase D. State

116. 58. If a picture was added for the next phase, it can be predicted that the visible light seen would – A. increase B. decrease C. expand D. disappear

117. 58. If a picture was added for the next phase, it can be predicted that the visible light seen would – A. increase B. decrease C. expand D. disappear

118. 58. On a bright, sunny day, which time of day can be predicted to create the shortest shadows? A. 9:00 a.m. B. 12:00 p.m. C. 3:00 p.m. D. 12:00 a.m.

119. 58. On a bright, sunny day, which time of day can be predicted to create the shortest shadows? A. 9:00 a.m. B. 12:00 p.m. C. 3:00 p.m. D. 12:00 a.m.

120. “Earth’s axis is not straight up and down, but tilted
“Earth’s axis is not straight up and down, but tilted. This tilt and Earth’s revolution cause us to experience changes in the amount of sunlight we receive each day.” 59. Which natural occurrence is the statement explaining? A. moon phases B. tides C. seasons D. constellations

121. “Earth’s axis is not straight up and down, but tilted
“Earth’s axis is not straight up and down, but tilted. This tilt and Earth’s revolution cause us to experience changes in the amount of sunlight we receive each day.” 59. Which natural occurrence is the statement explaining? A. moon phases B. tides C. seasons D. constellations

122. 60. Which statement correctly gives a logical reason why the moon appears to change shape over the 30-day period? A. Only the lit part of the moon facing Earth can be seen as the moon orbits Earth. B. The moon travels between Earth and the sun every 30 days. C. Earth’s axis is tilted, making the moon appear to change as Earth revolves. D. Only the lit part of the moon is the part the sun shines on each day.

123. 60. Which statement correctly gives a logical reason why the moon appears to change shape over the 30-day period? A. Only the lit part of the moon facing Earth can be seen as the moon orbits Earth. B. The moon travels between Earth and the sun every 30 days. C. Earth’s axis is tilted, making the moon appear to change as Earth revolves. D. Only the lit part of the moon is the part the sun shines on each day.

124. 61. What is the cause of the water levels rising and falling during the tide cycle? A. rotation of the Earth B. gravity from the moon and sun C. evaporation of water D. wind blowing the water

125. 61. What is the cause of the water levels rising and falling during the tide cycle? A. rotation of the Earth B. gravity from the moon and sun C. evaporation of water D. wind blowing the water

126. 62. Evaluate the scientific observations below
62. Evaluate the scientific observations below. Which is NOT an example of empirical evidence? A. The shadows were 10 meters long at 4:00 p.m. B. High tide occurred at 3:00 p.m. C. There was a full moon on August 13 D. The first day of fall had very cool temperatures

127. 62. Evaluate the scientific observations below
62. Evaluate the scientific observations below. Which is NOT an example of empirical evidence? A. The shadows were 10 meters long at 4:00 p.m. B. High tide occurred at 3:00 p.m. C. There was a full moon on August 13 D. The first day of fall had very cool temperatures **Even if you didn’t know what “empirical” meant – you can tell that A, B, & C all had specific data while D had very general, nonspecific data

128. 63. Students constructed a saltwater model to study ocean tides
63. Students constructed a saltwater model to study ocean tides. Which tool should the students use when demonstrating how the model works? A. spring scale B. microscope C. safety goggles D. fire extinguisher

129. 63. Students constructed a saltwater model to study ocean tides
63. Students constructed a saltwater model to study ocean tides. Which tool should the students use when demonstrating how the model works? A. spring scale B. microscope C. safety goggles D. fire extinguisher

130. 64. It is sunset. What compass direction must the person face to view his shadow? A. north B. south C. east D. west

131. 64. It is sunset. What compass direction must the person face to view his shadow? A. north B. south C. east D. west **Your shadow will fall on the opposite direction that the sun is hitting you. Sunset = sun will be on the WEST. So, the opposite of west is east – you would have to look at the EAST to see your shadow**