1. Farid Safi, Portfolio Manager, BORDA Afghanistan 23rd November 2016
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Afghanistan Conference on Sanitation
2016
Decentralized Sanitation Solution for Urban Environments in Afghanistan
With the permission of respected participants and colleagues, Now I will present a short presentation on “Decentralized Sanitation Solution for Urban Environments in Afghanistan”. I will start my presentation with a brief overview of BORDA organization and then will shortly describe the current situation of sanitation in large cities of Afghanistan. Then I will elaborate on DEWATS as solution for the urban environments in Afghanistan and the approach of BORDA for dissemination of DEWATS systems.
Farid Safi, Portfolio Manager, BORDA Afghanistan
23rd November 2016

2. BORDA Overview Not-for-profit German NGO founded in 1977
Projects in AFG started in 2011
HQ in Kabul and the projects are in Kabul, Mazar, Bamyan, Herat and Jalal Abad
German Development Organization in the field of environmental sanitation
Mission: To improve the living conditions of disadvantages communities and protect the environment through Basic Needs Services in the areas of decentralized sanitation, solid waste and wastewater management, water and energy supply
Working in 24 countries

3. BORDA’s Portfolio in Afghanistan
DEWATS
Biogas
WASH & HIE
Supporting private sector development
Capacity Development
2011up to now
Demonstration of DEWATS system for wastewater treatment in urban areas of Afghanistan
Demonstration and implementation of biogas system in rural areas for treatment of animal manure and supply of clean gas for cooking and bio-slurry for farming.
Capacity development of government stakeholders and SME’s in the field of sanitation
Implementation of WASH projects in Schools
And supporting of private sector companies to deliver Sanitation services

4. Current Scenario/ Challenges
As explained by my colleagues Mr. Darmal, the sanitation situation in large cities of Afghanistan is critical, almost 90% of wastewater is untreated and is unsafely managed due to;
Poor sanitation infrastructure
Weak legislation and regulations for sanitation systems
Lack of performance incentives to deliver sanitation services
Weak integration of waste water needs in strategic planning and investment
Which causes environmental and ground water pollution and health problems.
That is why, we needs to urgently focus on this crisis and safe our health and environment from the impact of unsafe sanitation.

5. Decentralized Urban Sanitation
There are two types of sanitation or wastewater treatment methods, which are Offsite ( Centralized) wastewater treatments systems and Onsite (Decentralized) wastewater treatment systems. Each of the methods has there own advantages and disadvantages. In short, Offsite ( Centralized) systems needs sewer network, reliable water supply, high technical skills, more budget and more energy supply. On the other hand, the Onsite (Decentralized) systems doesn’t need a large sewer network, can work with low water availability and requires less technical skills and less budget.
Looking to the inadequate technical and financial capacity of the government of Afghanistan, Onsite systems are more feasible and appropriate as an immediate and short term solution for the problem of sanitation in Afghanistan.
The onsite systems are lined and unlined structures, which are selected as per the characteristics of location, settlement and size.

6. On-site treatment: DEWATS
Primary Treatment
Secondary Treatment
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System “DEWATS” is an effective, efficient and affordable wastewater treatment solution for Afghanistan. DEWATS is a technical approach rather than just a technology package which incorporates lessons learned from the limitations of conventional centralized and decentralized wastewater-treatment systems.
DEWATS consists of primary, secondary and tertiary treatment units which are combined according to specific requirements depending on the characteristics of wastewater, the desired quality of treated wastewater and site conditions.
Advantages of DEWATS are;
No electrical energy required
Low operating costs
Low maintenance needs
Low sludge production in ABR & AF
Long service life
High reduction of BOD
Can be built underground
Cons
Requires expert design
Low reduction of pathogens and nutrients in AF and ABR
Effluent and sludge require further treatment and/or discharge option
Tertiary Treatment

7. This slide shows the results of a DEWATS system, the treated WW from different compartments of DEWATS are shown in these bottles, as you can see the Treated WW from PGF is very clear with low turbidity and organic load.

8. Reuse Options & Resource Conservation
Treated Wastewater
Biogas
Sludge
Waste
water
The treated wastewater from DEWATS could be reused for irrigation and also ground water recharge.
If we use the biogas digester as primary treatment unit, we could use the gas produced for cooking.
The sludge produced in settler and other compartments of DEWATS systems could be further treat in FSTPs and could be used a fertilizer in agriculture.

9. BORDA Approach for dissemination of DEWATS
Implementation of demonstration projects and awareness raising
Capacity building
Initiation of Prefabricated DEWATS systems
Code of Practice for HH DEWATS
O&M Guidelines
Research and Development
Integrate DWWT into urban planning/ citywide sanitation planning

10. Demonstration projects
Individual houses
Institutions (Offices, hospitals, Mosque and schools)
Real states

11. Demonstration projects
DEWATS 39
Conventional - 23
Pre-Fab - 16
Biogas 23
Conventional - 17
Pre-Fab - 5
Total – 62

12. Capacity Building SMEs and Local craftsmen Governmental organizations
Academic trainings

13. DEWATS Biogas Capacity Building 1877 204 Total – 2081
Engineers Training- 137
Vocational students Training- 821
Biogas
204
Craftsmen Training
Engineers Training- 108
Craftsmen Training
Total – 2081

14. Impacts of Capacity Development
Creation of permanent jobs in the field of sanitation
Awareness and demand for decentralized sanitation solutions increased
DEWATS as viable option for Afghanistan proven
Initial steps for scaling-up, sanitation service delivery chains and integration of DWWT into urban planning laid
Qasaba housing complex in Kabul (13000 inhabitants)

15. THANK YOU!