1. EUROCONTROL SURVEILLANCE STRATEGY
Lecture 7. MSSR
EUROCONTROL SURVEILLANCE STRATEGY

2. ATM Ground Based Surveillance
Non-Cooperative Independent Surveillance:
Calculates the (2D) position without reliance on aircraft avionics
Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR)
Cooperative Independent Surveillance:
Provides the calculated aircraft 3D position and processes other aircraft avionic data (Mode A/C/S, DAPs or ADD)
(Monopulse) Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR), SSR Mode S, Airport Multilateration (MLAT) and Wide Area Multilateration (WAM)
Cooperative Dependent Surveillance:
Provides the aircraft derived position (GPS or INS) and other aircraft avionic data (including ADD) to broadcast “air-ground” and “air-air”
ADS-B, (ADS-C)

3. Surveillance Strategy
3 pillars of mutually interoperable and compatible technologies
Primary Radar
MSSR
SSR Mode S
ADS-B
MLAT
WAM
Surveillance Data processing systems

4. Surveillance Choice
The Surveillance Strategy for ECAC does not mandate the implementation of any specific surveillance technology or technique, but leaves the choice of ground based surveillance systems to the (ANSP) surveillance provider, depending on:
Operational Requirements
Safety assessment
The business case (geography, cost, topology, preference, integration risk, redundancy, integrity, etc).
PSR is required in TMAs to cater for failed avionics in a critical phase of flight.

5. Primary Surveillance Radar
Primary Surveillance Radars are expensive, high powered and spectrum inefficient
The maintenance and support lifecycle cost are high
Some European Air Navigation Service Providers are considering not replacing primary radar in the future
However, PSR is a safety net in TMA
EUROCONTROL is investigating the possibility of a more cost effective alternative solution for Primary Surveillance Radar

6. TMA / En-Route Ground Based Surveillance
For safety or security reasons, Non-Cooperative Independent Surveillance as implemented, if required:
PSR
“Multi-Static PSR” (MSPSR)
- Available
- R&D required
Until 2020+, at least one layer of ATM ground surveillance should be an co-operative independent surveillance to meet safety requirements:
Layer 1
Layer 2
Status:
MSSR/SSR Mode S
- Operational
WAM
MSSR/SSR Mode S
- Operational
ADS-B
MSSR/SSR Mode S
- Planned
ADS-B
WAM
- Foreseen

7. Airports Ground Based Surveillance
For safety reasons, Non-cooperative Independent Surveillance is implemented, as required:
SMR
- Available at most airports
To provide an Airport Situation Picture, including identification of aircraft and vehicles, a cooperative independent surveillance is required, that also supports the implementation of higher A-SMGCS levels.
Status:
Airport Surveillance
Multilateration (MLAT)
- Operational at many major European airport
ADS-B
- Planned at secondary airports
TIS-B
- TIS-B or equivalent required for highest levels of A-SMGCS. Not yet implemented.

8. SESAR - Surveillance Systems
Some other Surveillance Systems identified by SESAR:
Weather Radar
Ground Based
Airborne
Wake Vortex detection
Special surveillance systems
Debris detection
Low Power SSR (Mode S) Transponder
NOT currently included in the SUR Strategy

9. Wide Area Multilateration (WAM)
Some WAM systems already in operational use, however Standards not yet generally available.
ICAO ASP working to “recognise” WAM in ICAO Docs.
EUROCAE WG 70 “WAM MOPS” due mid 2008.
Certification based on comparison with the SSR Standards; shows performance equal to or better than SSR.
Generic Safety Statement, available end 2007.
Guidelines for Approval/Certification due early 2008.

10. ADS-B Out ADS-B NRA (SPR/Interop) developed by RFG.
ADS-B RAD due mid 2008
ADS-B APT and ADS-B SURF due mid 2009
1090ES transponder numbers increasing in European airspace.
However, currently there are some issues that require attention
There is no mandate yet for the carriage of 1090 ES
No certification yet, NRA due end (Certification generally 1yr after Standards available)
The aircraft avionic position potentially needs to be verified by an independent means of surveillance (results from safety work)
Combination of ADS-B/WAM likely future surveillance scenario

11. ATSA VSA and ATSA ITP standards due mid 2008
ADS-B In
ADS-B “in” is required for ATSA and ASAS applications, these will become more and more important
ATSA VSA and ATSA ITP standards due mid 2008
ATSA AIRB standards due 2009
Other ATSA and ASAS standards (SPR + Interop) will come later.