1. Unit 4.1 Day 2

2. Opener
If you were here on Monday: tell someone who wasn’t THREE THINGS about viruses or Ebola
If you were not here: listen
You have three minutes. I will be asking the “not here on Monday” group what they learned

3. Agenda Check in: Ebola Ebola Reading
Lecture: The Innate Immune Response
Managing the Vocabulary: Concept Cards

4. Ebola Caused by a virus Viruses invade host cells
Once in the cell, the virus hijacks the molecular machinery of the cell to copy, transcribe and/or translate its genes
Result: production of new virus particles (virions)
Ebola is an RNA virus; it has only 7 genes

6. Reading Read the text Mark the text: Margin notes: QUESTIONS
Highlight/underline information about how the virus attacks the immune system
Highlight/underline information about the effects of Ebola on the body
Margin notes: QUESTIONS
Things you are curious about
Things you don’t understand (especially about how Ebola interacts with the immune system)
TWELVE MINUTES

7. Info and Questions
2 minutes: Share Ebola/Immune system info and margin note questions at your table
Share with class

8. The Immune System Two types of immune response
Innate (all animals, plants)
Adaptive or acquired (only vertebrates)
Innate Response Components
Physical barriers
Cells
Complement system (humoral, or molecular)
Inflammation
Innate Response: immediate and non-specific

9. Self vs. Non-Self Key to innate immune response: Examples:
Different pathogen groups contain “molecular signatures”
Signatures recognized by immune system cell protein receptors
Cell membrane receptors
Cytoplasmic receptors
Examples:
Double stranded RNA (viral)
Peptidoglycan (part of bacterial cell wall)

10. Barriers First line of defense: Physical: skin, exoskeleton, cuticle
Prevent entry of pathogen
Destroy it as it tries to enter
Physical: skin, exoskeleton, cuticle
Mechanical: coughing, sneezing, crying, peeing, mucus
Chemical: enzymes in tears, breast milk; gastric acid in stomach
Biological: symbiotic “good” bacteria

11. Human Skin Bacteria

12. Cells Leukocytes: white blood cells
Phagocytes: “eat” invading pathogens
Macrophages (tissues)
Neutrophils (blood)
Dendritic cells (tissues in contact with outside environment)

13. Phagocytosis

14. Dendritic Cell Phagocytosis

15. Other key leukocytes and cell roles. . .
Natural Killer (NK) Cells attack body cells that have been compromised:
Tumor cells
Cells infected by viruses
Mast Cells: roll in inflammation
Other Key Roles:
Chemical signaling
Activating Adaptive Immune Response (dendritic cells and macrophages)

16. Complement System Number of small proteins circulating in blood
Initial binding of one or more complement proteins to pathogen initiates a “catalytic cascade”
Result: complement proteins converted into a number of “active” forms
What do they do?
Identify pathogens for phagocytosis
Recruit leukocytes to site of infection
Directly attack pathogen cell membrane

17. Inflammation
Protective response involving cells, blood vessels and molecules
Cytokines
Histamine
Enzymes
Injury or Infection
Leukocytes release chemical signals
Complement System Activated
Blood vessels become “leaky”
More complement proteins move to infected area
More leukocytes recruited to infected area
Plasma flows to tissues

18. Repetition #1 Go back through your notes
Highlight each NEW WORD or PHRASE you need to know to understand the INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
You have 5 minutes

19. Concept Cards: Repetition #1, part 2
Front: Term
Back:
Description: what is it?
Role: what is its job or role in the innate immune response?
Interaction: how does it interact with other parts of the innate immune response?
Do 1 and 2 first. Then go back and do 3.
If you finish early, start your homework.

20. Concept Cards Physical Barriers Mechanical Barriers Chemical Barriers
Biological Barriers
Innate Immune Response
Leukocytes
Phagocytes
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Dendritic Cells
Natural Killer Cells
Mast Cells
Complement System
Inflammation