1. The Axilla

2. The Axilla

3. Definition
Is the space between the upper arm and the side of the thorax
Contents:-
Neurovascular structures – axillary artery the trunks and cords of the brachial plexus
Lymph nodes
A large number of lymph glands
Branches of the intercostal nerves
Fat and loose areolar tissue.

4. The boundaries of axilla
Anteriorly - pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius and clavi-pectoral fascia
Posteriorly - subscapularis teres major and latissimus dorsi
Medially - serratus anterior and the first 4 ribs intercostal muscles
Laterally - the anterior and posterior walls converge, the space is narrow, and bounded by the humerus, the Coracobrachialis, and the Biceps brachii.

6. The apex of the axilla is directed upward toward the root of the neck
The apex is the interval between the first rib, the superior border of the scapula, the clavicle
The axillary vessels and nerves pass through the apex
The base is at the bottom and is covered by skin and a thick layer of fascia, the axillary fascia
The base is broad at the chest but narrow and pointed at the arm

9. Applied Anatomy
The axillary tail of the breast is situated in the axilla and may be involved in a cancerous growth
The Lymph Nodes in the axilla are the most frequently involved in ca breast
Blockade of the axillary nodes will cause lymphoedema of the whole of the upper limb.

11. Brachial Plexus

12. The base is broad at the chest but narrow and pointed at the arm
It is formed by the integument and a thick layer of fascia, the axillary fascia,

13. Rotator Cuff posterior

14. Muscles attached to the scapula

15. Posterior Muscles

16. Medial Muscles

17. Muscle of the posterior boundary