1. Pg. 22 RTW: How did the Polynesians contribute to oceanography?
Monday, September 18
Pg. 22 RTW: How did the Polynesians contribute to oceanography?
Objective:
I will be able to explain the major contributions to oceanography
Agenda:
Turn in Fakebook
Scientific Exploration Notes (pg. 23/25)
Homework:
Review for Unit 2- Test Friday!

2. Scientific Explorations

3. By the mid 18th century quite a bit was known about the world’s geography but not much scientific information.
Some questions:
How deep is the sea?
What causes the currents?
What natural resources does the ocean contain?

4. James Cook (mid 1700’s) Figured out how to prevent scurvy. (Vitamin C)
1st to use chronometer to figure
out longitude.

5. Cornelius Drebbel- Created 1st submarine

6. Benjamin Franklin
US postmaster, wanted to know why it took longer for mail to come from Europe to America than vice versa
Later he drew an accurate map of the Gulf Stream
William Bourne, a British mathematician came up with the design for the 1st submarine, but Drebbel created it.

7. Matthew Maury- American Naval Officer
“The Father of Oceanography”
1855 analyzed the logbooks of navy ships and published the first books on oceanography called: The Physical Geography of the Sea

8. Thomas Jefferson (1807)
Authorized Survey of the Coast (the predecessor to NOAA)
NOAA- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

9. Charles Darwin- Naturalist 1831, sailed on the HMS Beagle
goal was to map the western
coastline of South America
Found new species of plants and animals.
Came up with the Theory of Coral Reef Development

10. Theory of Coral Reef Development

11. Galapagos Tortoise

12. Marine Iguana http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qd-1_CjgGCQ&safe=active

13. HMS Challenger- 1873-1876 Led by Sir Charles Thompson
Led the most successful ocean expedition devoted exclusively to scientific study
Collected water, sediment, and temp data
Identified more than 4700 new species of marine organisms
Discovered the “Challenger Deep” in the Mariana’s trench. (over 35,000 ft. deep)

14. Technology Advancements in Marine Science
Submersibles

15. Diving Vessels Also called submersibles
ROVs= Remotely Operated Vehicles (tethered)
AUVs= Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (un-tethered)
Bathysphere, allowed aquanauts to go to deeper depths
Bathyscaphe is a steel un-tethered submersible that could be controlled. Deepest dive in history (1960).
Alvin is a self-propelled machine with mechanical arms that can pick up specimens and can carry three humans
JASON, a robot, does not carry people

17. The Bathysphere

18. 1880 to 1950
V. Walfrid Ekman – Figured out the Ekman Spirals and Ekman Layer
Fridtjof Nansen – Made the Nansen Bottle. Now people could take samples of water from different depths of water.
Beebe and Barton – First bathysphere to 4,000 feet
Steel sphere at the end of a long cable (tethered)

19. Marie Thorp and Bruce Heezen – made the first map of the ocean bottom and provided evidence for the theory of Continental Drift.
Auguste Piccard – First bathyscaphe to reach the bottom of the Mariana's Trench at 35,800 feet.

22. This trip was made in 1960 and wasn’t repeated until 2012
This trip was made in 1960 and wasn’t repeated until 2012!! The decent took 4 hours and 48 minutes.
Don Walsh and Jacques
Piccard inside Trieste

24. The Meteor, a German ship, 25 months on Atlantic ocean using sonar
Sonar- sound navigation ranging
mapped the ocean floor revealing many different depths and features

25. Exploring the Ocean with Personal Diving Equipment
Under world called Inner Space
2500 B.C., glass was discovered and the first mask was made
In the 17th century a diving chamber/bell was invented
Later came a diving suit

26. 1837
1797

27. 1855

28. The Modern Scuba Tank
1943- Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan made final improvements
A tank with compressed air was developed that was strapped on the diver’s back
air breathed through a regulator
marketed as the aqua-lung
S.C.U.B.A- Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus.

30. SCUBA Kitty

31. RTW pg. 22 Who is the “father of physical oceanography”?
What did Benjamin Franklin hypothesize about what was happening to the mail between England and America?
What did Thomas Jefferson authorize?
What was Charles Darwin’s goal? What did he also do?
Who discovered the “Challenger Deep”?

32. Homework: Start reviewing for Test on Friday
Tuesday, September 19
Objective:
I will be able to explain the major contributions to oceanography
Agenda:
Start Jigsaw- Technology
Homework: Start reviewing for Test on Friday
History of Exploration
Scientific Contributions
Submersibles

33. Notebook Check 1 & 2: RTWs (10) ____ Notes (30) ____
Pg #’s & TOC (10) ____
Horoscope Activity (10) ____
Pseudoscience ?s (10) ____
Jigsaw Submersible (30) ____
Total ____/100

34. Pg. 24 Jigsaw Submersibles
Groups:
ROVs
AUVs
GPS and other satellites
SCUBA
SONAR
*Group the following into ROV or AUVs: Trieste- Challenger Deep, Alvin- hydrothermal vents & Titanic site, Johnson Sealink- panoramic view
ROVs
AUVs
SCUBA
SONAR
GPS &
Satellites

35. What to Cover
What is this technology? (definition & short explanation)
When was it invented/established
How has it contributed to the study of the ocean? (research, findings, missions, etc.)
Interesting facts
Who invented it?
Future use?
Misc.

36. Pg. 22: Who discovered a cure for scurvy and what was the cure?
Wednesday, September 20
Pg. 22: Who discovered a cure for scurvy and what was the cure?
Objective:
I will be able to explain the major contributions to oceanography
Agenda:
Finish Jigsaw
Homework: Start reviewing Unit 2 Test on Friday
History of Exploration
Scientific Contributions
Submersibles

37. Jigsaw Submersibles Day 2
Wednesday, September 20
Jigsaw Submersibles Day 2
Now that you are an expert on your topic…
We will be getting into new groups composed of representatives from #1-5 (one person from AUVs, ROVs, GPS, SCUBA, & SONAR)
In these groups you will:
Explain what you found in your group, teaching them the material.
Write notes about the other groups as they tell you what they found.
Feel free to ask questions to each other to understand the concepts.

38. Thursday, September 21
Did You Know?
The largest octopus weighs about 15kg (Octopus dofleini). An Octopus has three hearts and it can squeeze through a hole the size of a 10-cent coin. Hapalochlaena species can inject enough venom in one bite to kill several adult humans. They can adopt a two-tentacles "walk" that frees up their six remaining limbs and makes them look like an armed vehicle.

39. Objective: Agenda: Homework:
Thursday, September 21
Objective:
I will be able to explain the major contributions to oceanography
Agenda:
REVIEW for Unit 2 Test
Homework:
Study for Unit 2 Test and organize notebook

40. Friday, September 22
Grab clicker and put notebook on front table, ALL bags/phones up front until everyone finishes test.
Objective:
I will be able to explain the major contributions to oceanography
Agenda:
Unit 2 Test
Homework: None 