1. Carbon in Life and Materials
CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Carbon in Life and Materials
the BIG idea
Carbon is essential to living things and to modern materials.
5.1
Carbon-based molecules have many structures.
5.2
Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks.
5.3
Carbon-based molecules are in many materials.
CHAPTER OUTLINE

2. 5.1 Single Bond Double Bond Triple Bond
Carbon-based molecules have many structures.
Carbon forms a large number of different compounds because of the number of bonds it can make with other atoms.
organic compound
inorganic compound H C
isomer
Single Bond H C
Double Bond
Triple Bond H C
SECTION
OUTLINE

3. 5.1 Carbon-based molecules have many structures.
Carbon forms a large number of different compounds because of the number of bonds it can make with other atoms.
organic compound
inorganic compound
Carbon can form chains and rings.
Hexane
isomer
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3
Vanillin CH O
CH3 OH
SECTION
OUTLINE

4. Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks.
5.2
Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks.
There are four main types of carbon-based molecules in living things.
carbohydrate
Carbon-Based Molecules
lipid
protein
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
• include sugars and starches
• energy for cells
• plant cell walls
• include fats and oils
• energy for cells
• cell membranes
• function depends on order of amino acids
• structure, transport, immune system, enzymes
• DNA
• carries genetic code
• sequence of three DNA bases is the code for an amino acid
enzyme
nucleic acid
SECTION
OUTLINE

5. Carbon-based molecules are in many materials.
5.3
Carbon-based molecules are in many materials.
Carbon from ancient organisms is used to make many common items, such as clothing and plastics.
hydrocarbon
polymer
monomer
plastic
SECTION
OUTLINE

6. Carbon-based molecules are in many materials.
5.3
Carbon-based molecules are in many materials.
Carbon from ancient organisms is used to make many common items, such as clothing and plastics.
hydrocarbon
These items are based on polymers.
polymer
monomer
plastic
Monomer
CH CH CH3
Polymer
CH2 CH
CH3
SECTION
OUTLINE

7. 5.1 Carbon-based molecules have many structures.
I. Carbon-based molecules have many structures.
organic compound
A. Living and nonliving things contain carbon.
inorganic compound
B. Carbon forms many different compounds.
isomer
1. Carbon Chains
2. Carbon Rings
3. Isomers
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

8. Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks.
5.2
Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks.
II. Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks.
carbohydrate
A. Carbon-based molecules have many functions in living things.
lipid
protein
B. Living things contain four major types of carbon-based molecules.
enzyme
nucleic acid
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

9. Carbon-based molecules are in many materials.
5.3
Carbon-based molecules are in many materials.
III. Carbon-based molecules are in many materials.
hydrocarbon
A. Carbon-based compounds from ancient organisms are used to make new materials.
polymer
monomer
B. Polymers contain repeating carbon-based units.
plastic
1. Formation of Polymers
2. Plastics
3. Designing Materials
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY