1. Cryosphere Physical basis of climate spring 2011
Snowball Earth
Current cryosphere
Polar regions
Glaciers
Sea level

3. Dropstone from neoproterozoic ice berg dropped into banded iron layers
Kerr, Sci, Bands form as iron comes out of solution due to influx of
oxygen either from exposure to atmosphere or O2 released from cyanobacteria.

4. kiloyears
Abrupt end of glacial
deposits
10 Ma

5. Kilo years
10 Ma

11. Agung Fuego El Chichon Pinatubo

12. Western coast Greenland
1978
2004
1958
2003
Peru
1941
2004
Arctic Alaska
Glacier Bay Alaska
Western coast Greenland

13. This NASA image shows the formation of numerous glacial lakes at the termini of receding glaciers in Bhutan-Himalaya.

14. Grinnell Glacier Glacier NP, 1938
1981
2009