1. Lecture 2
Ms. Earl
Health 1

2. Carbohydrates = CHO
C Carbohydrates
H Hydrogen
O Oxygen

3. Functions of CHO Provide energy 4Kcal/g Spare Protein
-Allows protein to build structure
3. Participate in fat metabolism
-Fat burns in the flame of CHO
-Fat is used more efficiently if CHO is present
-If not enough CHO, excess fat is metabolized, form ketones: is bad, could turn into diabetes
4. Provide bulk
-Fiber does this

4. Types of CHO
Sugars (Simple CHO)
Starches (Complex CHO)

5. Sugars Monosaccharides
1 unit of sugar. Cannot be broken down by digestion
a) glucose (dextrose) – “blood sugar”
b) fructose – from fruit
c) galactose – part of lactose
B. Disaccharides 2 units of sugar a) sucrose = glucose + fructose (table sugar) b) lactose = glucose + galactose (milk sugar) c) maltose = glucose + glucose (in grains of beer)

6. Sugars Continued
C. Sugar Alcohol D. Oligosaccharides 3-10 units of sugar found in beans, onions, and cabbage E. Pollysaccharides many sugar units (more than 10) mostly glucose

7. Starches many glucose units Plant Starch grains and vegetables
B. Animal Starch
glycogen
found in liver muscles, humans make this
C. Fiber
plant food components

8. Types of Fiber Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water
2. Soluble fiver
dissolves in water or swells in water
No RDA for CHO

9. Protein Function of Protein Build Structure Regulate Processes Energy
RDA for Protein
0.8 pro/kg
Amino Acids
the building blocks of proteins
20 Amino Acids in a diet. 9 are essentials we need
11 nonessential, our bodies make them

10. Protein Deficiency Marasmus – starvation muscle loss
Kwashiorkor – body becomes swollen. Poor growth