1. 8.2 Temperature

2. What is temperature? (video)
Atoms are in constant motion, even in a solid object.
This motion is caused by thermal energy (a type of kinetic energy).

3. What is temperature?
Temperature measures the kinetic energy per molecule due to random motion.
Warmer = higher kinetic energy
Cooler = lower kinetic energy

4. Heat vs. Temperature Video
Heat is the total amount of thermal energy of all molecules in an object
Temperature is a measure of the average energy of each molecule
To warm up a bathtub and a cup of water to the same temperature, you would have to put more Joules of heat energy into the bathtub

5. Boiling/Condensation point of water Freezing/melting point of water
Temperature
Two common temperature scales:
Boiling/Condensation point of water
Freezing/melting point of water

6. Thermometers
Thermometer: an instrument that measures the exact temperature of something

7. Absolute Zero Absolute zero = -273°C
You cannot have a temperature lower than absolute zero.
Think of absolute zero as the temperature at which atoms are “frozen.”

8. The Kelvin Temperature Scale
The Kelvin temperature scale is useful in science because it starts at absolute zero.
Lowest temp = 0 K (“zero kelvin”)
*Kelvin is Celsius + 273!

9. Converting between Temp Scales
Celsius to Fahrenheit:
Fahrenheit to Celsius:
Celsius to Kelvin:

10. Example Problems Convert 0º C to Kelvin Convert 0º C to Fahrenheit
Convert 10º F to Celsius
Convert 40 K to Celsius
Convert 23º C to Fahrenheit