1. Civil War

2. Advantages of North and South at the Start of the Civil War
better weapons
banking, factories, ships
railroads
larger navy
larger population – 22 million
Abraham Lincoln
South
trading relationships
experienced military leaders
long coastline
defensive war
belief in their cause

3. Disadvantages of the North and the South at the Start of the Civil War
inexperienced soldiers
divided opinion
offensive war
unfamiliar territory
inexperienced and incompetent generals
South
smaller navy
smaller population – 6 million free citizens
little industry or manufacturing

4. Union Leaders Abraham Lincoln President of the United States
Ulysses S. Grant leading General for the U.S. Army

5. Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America
Confederate Leaders
Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America
Robert E. Lee leading General for the Confederate States of America Army

6. Key Individuals Philip Bazaar
General “Stonewall Jackson” Battle of Manassas commanding 22,000 Confederate soldiers forced Union army to retreat skill on battlefield inspired his soldiers one of the best Confederate commanders
Philip Bazaar
Battle of Fort Fisher member of Union Navy USS Santiago de Cuba carried dispatches during battle while under heavy Confederate gunfire for his acts of bravery became first Hispanic American to be awarded Congressional Medal of Honor
William Carney Battle of Fort Wagner member of 54th Massachusetts Regiment one of the first major battles in which the Union army used black soldiers for his acts of bravery became first African American to be awarded Congressional Medal of Honor

7. First Battle: Fort Sumter, South Carolina
April 12, 1861
Federal Fort in Charleston Harbor, SC
President Lincoln sending supplies
Confederate leaders attacked
36 hours of fighting
no causalities

8. Battle of Manassas/bull run, Virginia
July 21, 1861
first major battle (fighting) of civil war
Union forces retreated driven back by “Stonewall” Jackson
defeat crushed Union hopes for winning the war quickly

9. Anaconda plan
Union plan for victory to strangle the south economically and militarily
Three major components:
Blockade the southern coastline to stop the export of trade goods and import of supplies
Capture the Confederate capital – Richmond, VA
Gain control of the Mississippi River and “split” the Confederacy

10. Emancipation proclamation
January 1, 1863
issued by President Abraham Lincoln
declared that “all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are and henceforward shall be free”
only applied to states that had seceded from the Union, leaving slavery untouched in the loyal border states

11. Turning Point #1: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
July 1-3, 1863
Union victory
over 50,000 rebel and union soldiers died
part of Robert E. Lee’s plan to invade the north attempt to cut off Washington, D.C.
Lee needed the victory to bolster southern confidence and secure British aid
South never again able to go on the offensive against the North

13. Turning Point #2: Vicksburg, Mississippi
May 18 – July 3, 1863
Union victory in Mississippi River Valley
split Confederacy from east to west
last major city on Mississippi that was not under Union control

15. The Gettysburg Address
A cemetery was built at the Gettysburg battlefield for the soldiers who died there.
At a ceremony meant to officially dedicate the cemetery President Lincoln gave a speech that is now known as the Gettysburg Address.
The address expressed to the people what the purpose and meaning of the war had become.

16. Lincoln’s 2nd Inauguration: March 4, 1865
“With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan - to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations” (Abraham Lincoln, 2nd Inaugural Address, March 4, 1865)

17. Surrender: appomattox court house, Virginia
April 9, 1865
General Lee surrendered to General Grant
all Confederate soldiers pardoned
all Confederate arms collected by Union troops as captured property

18. War Casualties 1,030,000 casualties 620,000 deaths
More Americans died during the Civil War than all other American wars combined.

19. Devastation of the South
Although the war was over, there was much to be done to rebuild the country.
Many of the Southern cities had been completely devastated and would have to be rebuilt.
Over 600,000 Americans had been killed or wounded.
It would take many years to restore the country.

20. Richmond, Virginia

21. Charleston, South Carolina

22. Atlanta, Georgia

23. Death of Lincoln – April 14, 1865
Just as the Civil War ended, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.
Lincoln was shot in the back of the head while he was at the theater.
Booth escaped, but was captured a few days later.
Lincoln was carried out of the theater to a house across the street. He died the next morning.

24. Death of Lincoln

25. Death of Lincoln

26. Lincoln’s Funeral