1. The oil industry
Wan Chi Chao (Jessie) 12F

2. Use of oil as an energy source
Gasoline is used in cars
diesel fuel is used in trucks
heating oil is used to heat our homes

3. Use of oil as a chemical feedstock
10% of the refined products of crude oil are used
a source of organic chemicals
plastics, cosmetics, solvents, food additives…

4. Removal of sulfur Sulfur impurities in petroleum must be removed
REDUCE THE ACDIC SULFUR OXIDE POLLUTION FROM THE BURNING OF OIL AND GAS

5. Fractional Distillation of oil
Allows the separation of liquid mixtures based on their differing boiling point

6. The composition and characteristic of crude oil fractions
Carbon chain length
Boiling range/oC
Main uses
Refinery
1 -4
<30
Used as fuel on site gaseous cooking fuel and as feedsctock for chemicals, e.g: methane is used to provide hydrogen gas gor the Haber process
Gasoline and naphtha
5-10
40 – 180
Gasoline (petrol) for cars. Feedstock for organic chemicals (by steam cracking)
Kerosine
11-12
Fuel for jet engine; domestic heating; cracking to provide extra gasoline
Gas oil (diesel oil)
13 – 25
220 – 350
Diesel engines and industrial heating; cracked to produce extra gasoline
Residue
>20
>350
Fuel for large furnaces; vacuum distilled to make lubricating oils and waxes. Residue of bitumen and asphalt used to surface roads and waterproof roofs

7. Catalytic cracking
take place at lower temperature around 1000°C

8. Thermal cracking increase the yield of distillation
heated under pressure and at higher temperature
make the hydrocarbon molecules being broken down into smaller molecules (more useful)

9. Steam cracking
The feedstock is preheated, vaporized and mixed with steam
Convert at °C

10. Environmental impact Cause air pollution Solution
government monitors how oil is produced, refined, stored…
refinery