1. CLAS/HIST3001
Archaic Greece I

2. Aristotle on the Polis Derived from Its Parts
If the basic unit of speech is a sound indicated with alphabet, what is the basic unit of human existence, acc. to Aristotle?
Of what two inequalities does he think this naturally consists?
Free/slave
Male/female
The next step: kome
The final step: polis

3. Periodization
Time is a continuum, but we make sense of it by breaking it up
Through natural phenomena:
day and night
Through social occurrences:
First term, 'holiday season'
Through calendar:
February, 'the 70s'

4. Periodization in This Course
What are our first major periods?
Minoan, Mycenaean, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Dark Age
These cut across each other, because they are using different criteria
Like most archaeological periods, they are devised in our age, not in past
Two remaining periods:
Archaic and Classical
Archaic acc. to Pomeroy 7th and 6th C. BC; most would say mid-7 to 6th

5. 'Archaic'
“Of or characterized by antiquity or archaism; antiquated; obsolescent”
Couldn't be further from truth when it comes to 'Archaic period'
From ancient Greek, ἀρχαῖος, meaning 'old' 'of the past'
Whose past?
Historians of 5th c., like Herodotus

6. Synoikismos Oikos 'dwelling', home syn- 'together' For example, Attica
Region around Athens
Originally set of villages
unified, how acc. to C8?
Not an 'urbanization' phase

7. The Purpose and Culture of the polis
Purpose? Some sort of right living, beyond prosperity (C9-10)
Distinctions within polis society: prejudice against techne (C13)

8. Greek Colonization

9. Origins of Colonization
The search for metals C14
Who is Athena pretending to be?
How do metals fit into her tale?
Why is the fictional account of a mythical being helpful to history?

10. Concepts Related to Colonization
Greeks referred to these as apoikiai “away dwellings”
Every apoikia had a metropolis
metr- from mater, 'mother'
therefore 'mother city', not conglomeration of nearby cities, as we mean this today
A complicated relationship, since apoikia was independent state but had obligations to metropolis

11. Easy Misconceptions about Colonization
Not with the unified purpose of spreading religion, language or culture
Not a centralized effort
Delphi's role was crucial but could not have masterminded an imperial plan
Not intending to build a network of trade in agriculture
Avoid historical error of post hoc, propter hoc

12. Relations with the Local People
What was the nature of the relationship at Massalia? (C19b)
At Herakleia? (C19a)

13. Why Colonize?
C 17A
What might Plato's ideal colony at C17B tell us about why people join colonies?

14. The 'Cult' of the Founder Oikistes
Cult, here used as technical term deriving from Latin cultus 'tending to'
Ancient Greek religion included 'tending to' dead people
Not a creepy, Halloween experience
Not treating them as gods
The grave of the deceased is centre of activity:
Grave offerings
Emanation of power

15. The Return of Theseus C18
To what lengths did the Athenians go to 'repatriate' the bones of Theseus?
How did they identify his remains?

16. Cohesive Force of Religion
Religious rites kept Greeks from permanent separation
Olympia (C11-12)
Delphi's role (C16)