1. HEALTH IN POLICIES TRAINING
MODULE 7: The role of Non-government stakeholders in HiAP/whole-of-society approach
Dr Taskeen Khan, WHO Pretoria

2. Overview Definition of non-government stakeholders Importance
Role of non-government stakeholders in HiAP
Benefits and challenges of consulting widely
Principles of effective stakeholder engagement
Purpose of a stakeholder analysis
Example
Notes to presenter: Session to be interactive
Ask the questions, pause get a few opinions from participants, then move on to formally discuss the slides

3. “An integrated policy approach within government and international organizations, as well as a commitment to working with civil society and the private sector and across settings, are essential if progress is to be made in addressing the determinants of health.” WHO Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion

4. Who are non-government stakeholders?

5. DEFINITION OF NON-GOVERNMENT STAKEHOLDERS
a person, or group of persons, who have an interest or concern in a particular process or issue due to direct or indirect involvement. Examples include:
government ministries,
politicians,
non-government organizations,
religious organizations
research institutes,
labour unions,
professional associations
businesses.
Not all stakeholders have the same importance

6. PRIMARY VS SECONDARY PRIMARY
One who, without continuing participation, the policy or issue could not succeed or be addressed
E.g. schools might be a primary stakeholder when dealing with the issue of healthy foods for children
SECONDARY
One who has some influence or is affected by the policy or issue
However, their engagement is not essential to address the issue or to take policy action
E.g car manufacturers might be a secondary stakeholder when addressing road safety and drink driving

7. IMPORTANCE OF NGO
Play a critical role in promoting health action across sectors due to their significant influence on affairs of the state.
Usually led by passionate and committed individuals with great advocacy skills and the capacity to influence public opinion
Provide data and evidence on health and equity issues, which is important for identifying vulnerable populations and the need for action
Provide useful resources and technical expertise in the development of policies and plans
Member States seeking to implement health action across sectors should seek to engage and include potentially relevant NGOs as much as possible

8. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Private sector key to achieving specified goals,
but can also contribute to negative impacts on health and their risk factors
1st step to determining appropriate engagement, while managing potential conflicts of interest:
understanding potential contributions and
understanding impacts on health

9. TRIANGLE THAT MOVES MOUNTAINS
Combination of knowledge, social pressure and government leadership has been called the “triangle that moves mountains”

10. WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE THE ROLES OF NON-GOVERNMENT STAKEHOLDERS?

11. ROLES OF NGO
Support the ability of community members to fully participate in community action for health; For example,
Promoting health and policy literacy;
Training leaders in techniques to support and to enable informed community participation, and engagement with decision-making; and
Implementing and evaluating community action for health.

12. Continued…
Build on existing relationships at the local level – for example, between local government and communities – to engage citizens in action across sectors.
Identify opportunities to engage non-state actors, including the private sector, in regular policy dialogue to facilitate shared understanding of the health agenda.

13. BENEFITS OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
Assessing support and opposition to a policy
Giving government activities visibility and legitimacy
Empowering the marginalized
Increasing collaboration and more efficient use of resources
Ensuring the sustainability of interventions.

14. WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES OF INVOLVING STAKEHOLDERS?

15. CHALLENGES OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
Prolonging policy-making
Increasing costs of intervention
Polarizing interest groups
Creating unmanageable expectations

16. WHAT PRINCIPLES SHOULD UNDERPIN STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION?

17. PRINCIPLES OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
Empowerment
Accountability
Transparency
Cost-effectiveness
Resources

18. PURPOSE OF STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
A process of systematically gathering and assessing qualitative information about stakeholders.
Helps to categorize their relative importance as actors and
Helps to develop strategies on how to involve them in the development and/or implementation a HiAP policy or programme
Many templates and tools available for analysing stakeholders but they share this essential purpose

19. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS EXAMPLE: MULTISECTORAL NUTRITION PROGRAMME IN NEPAL

20. DISCUSSION
The outcome document of the High-Level Meeting of the UN General Assembly on the Comprehensive Review and Assessment of the Progress Achieved in the Prevention and Control of NCDs (A/RES/68/300) asked WHO to develop an approach :
to registering and publishing contributions of the non-state actors (including the private sector and civil society)
towards achieving the global voluntary NCD targets

21. WHO AS AN EXAMPLE…
Using WHO as an example, a framework for non-state actor engagement is being developed to clarify:
how to capitalize on the beneficial contributions of non-state actors to health action across sectors;
the distinctions between real and perceived conflicts of interest, and between individual and institutional conflicts of interest;
how WHO should deal with actors who do not share the interests of WHO, or with situations where secondary interests undermine public health; and
how WHO should distinguish between direct and indirect interests.
Task: Using the example, work on these four questions and come up with a stakeholder analysis and answer the four how’s