1. Literature
Chapter 13

2. I. The Colonial and Revolutionary Periods (1607-1790)
The Colonial Period ( )
Why 1607 and 1775?
Characteristics of this period:
Predestination
Original sin
Depravity
Atonement and salvation
Symbolic writers:
Jonathan Edwards
Benjamin Franklin

3. Benjamin Franklin Born: January 17, 1706,Boston
Died: April 17, 1790 (aged 84), Philadelphia
Political party: None
Profession: Scientist; Writer; Politician

4. The Revolutionary Period
( )
Representative: Thomas Jefferson
The Declaration of Independence

5. II. The Romantic Period (1790-1865)
Free expression of emotions; celebrating America’s landscape; exalting the individual and the common man
Washington Irving
James Fennimore Cooper
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Edgar Allan Poe
Herman Melville
Walt Whitman
Emily Dickinson
Characteristics of this period:
Symbolic writers:

6. Washington Irving Born: April 3, 1783; New York City
Died: November 28, 1859 (aged 76)
Occupation: Short story writer, essayist, biographer, magazine editor, diplomat
Best known as: father of American Literature

7. James Fennimore Cooper
Born: September 15, 1789
Died: September 14, 1851 (aged 61)
Occupation: Novelist
Notable work: The Last of the Mohicans

8. Nathaniel Hawthorne Born: July 4, 1804 Died: May 19, 1864 (aged 59)
Occupation: Novelist, Short story writer
Notable work: The Scarlet Letter

9. Edgar Allan Poe Born: January 19, 1809 Died: October 7, 1849 (aged 40)
Occupation: Poet, short-story writer, editor, literary critic
Genres: Horror fiction, crime fiction, detective fiction

10. Herman Melville Born: August 1, 1819
Died: September 28, 1891 (aged 72)
Occupation: novelist, short story writer, teacher, sailor, lecturer, poet

11. Poetry Characteristics of this period: Symbolic writers:
Explores and extols the emerging America and finds a poetic voice for its Americanness
Walt Whitman
Emily Dickinson

12. Walt Whitman Born: 31 May 1819 Birthplace: Long Island, New York
Died: 26 March 1892
Best Known As: The poet who wrote Leaves of Grass

13. Emily Dickinson Born: 10 December 1830
Birthplace: Amherst, Massachusetts
Died: 15 May 1886
Best Known As: The poet called "The Belle of Amherst"

14. III. The Realistic Period (1865-1900)
Characteristics of this period:
Symbolic writers:
Stress truthful treatment of material; express concern for the world of experience, for the commonplace, for the familiar and the low.
Mark Twain

15. Mark Twain Born: November 30, 1835 Died: April 21, 1910 (aged 74)
Pen name: Mark Twain
Occupation: Writer, lecturer
Notable works: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

16. IV. The Naturalistic Period (1900-1914)
Characteristics of this period
Symbolic writer
Applies the principles of scientific determinism; views human beings as animals in a natural world responding to environmental forces and internal stresses and drives
Theodore Dreiser

17. Theodore Dreiser Born: August 27, 1871
Died: December 28, 1945 (aged 74)
Occupation: novelist
Notable works: Sister Carrie

18. V. The Modern Period (1914-1939) Characteristics Writers
The Lost Generation
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway

19. Earnest Hemingway Born: July 21, 1899 Died: July 2, 1961 (aged 61)
Occupation: Author, Novelist, Journalist
Notable award(s): Nobel Prize in Literature 1954; Pulitzer Prize for Fiction – 1953

20. VI. The Contemporary Period (1939- )
The Beat Generation
Drama

21. Eugene O’Neill Born: October 16, 1888
Died: November 27, 1953 (aged 65)
Occupation: Playwright
Notable award: Nobel Prize in Literature (1936)

22. Arthur Miller Born: October 17, 1915 Died: February 10, 2005 (aged 89)
Occupation: Playwright, Essayist
Spouses: Mary Slattery ( )
Marilyn Monroe ( )
Inge Morath ( )