1. CAMOUFLAGE & CONCEALMENT
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2. CAMOUFLAGE
Camouflage is one of the most basic weapons of warfare yet its use can mean the success or failure of even the most complex mission. More
importantly, to the sniper team its proper use can mean the difference between life and death.
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3. TLO ACTION: Apply camouflage and concealment techniques.
CONDITIONS: In a classroom, given a student handout, and FM
STANDARD: Apply camouflage to remain undetected under direct observation during all stalk exercises and achieve 70% or higher on graded exams.
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4. INTRODUCTION Safety Considerations Risk Management Level
Environmental Considerations
Evaluation
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5. INTRODUCTION
Proper camouflage methods must be used because the sniper team cannot afford to be detected during movement or in its firing position. Although the goal of the sniper is to successfully engage the target, the proper use of camouflage will prevent that same sniper from becoming a target himself.
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6. ELO A ACTION: Analyze camouflage methods and patterns.
CONDITIONS: In a classroom, given a student handout,
and FM
STANDARD: Analyze camouflage methods and patterns in order to achieve 70% or higher on all written exams.
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7. COVER Anything that protects an individual from enemy weapons fire.
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8. CAMOUFLAGE
The method or result of concealing personnel or equipment from an enemy by making them appear to be part of their natural surroundings.
-American Heritage Dictionary
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9. METHODS OF CAMOUFLAGE Hiding Blending Deceiving
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10. HIDING
Used to conceal the body from observation by lying behind an object or thick vegetation.
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11. BLENDING
Used to match the personal camouflage with the surrounding area to a point where the sniper cannot be seen.
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12. DECEIVING
Any act to mislead the enemy.
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13. TYPES OF CAMOUFLAGE
NATURAL- Vegetation or materials that are native to the area.
ARTIFICAL- Materials or substances that are produced for the purpose of coloring or covering something in order to conceal it.
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14. NATURAL VEGITATION -The most effective type of camouflage.
-In environments
other than Urban, the use of Natural Vegetation will assist the sniper to blend into terrain and remain undetected.
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15. NATURAL VEGITATION
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16. NATURAL VEGITATION
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17. ARTIFICAL CAMOUFLAGE Camouflage Pattern Types Striping Blotching
Combination
Digital
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18. STRIPING
Used when in heavily wooded areas and when leafy vegetation is scarce.
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19. BLOTCHING Used when in an area that is thick with leafy vegetation.
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20. COMBINATION
Used when moving through changing terrain and it is normally the best all-around pattern.
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21. DIGITAL
The color scheme of the ACU requires more natural camouflage in order to blend in with surroundings.
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22. DIGITAL
-The MARPAT requires less natural camouflage to blend in with the surroundings.
-The same is true for the Desert MARPAT.
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23. DIGITAL
-As you can see, this soldier needs more natural camouflage to effectively blend in with the environment.
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24. DIGITAL
-Although still visible, obviously the color scheme is more adept to a woodland environment.
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25. EQUIPMENT THAT MUST BE CAMOUFLAGED
Rifles
Optics
Rucksacks
Tripod
Misc. Equipment
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26. CAMOUFLAGED EQUIPMENT
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27. CAMOUFLAGED EQUIPMENT
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28. CAMOUFLAGED EQUIPMENT
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29. FIELD-EXPEDIENT CAMOUFLAGE
Charcoal
Mud
Walnut stain-(Boil walnuts to produce brown dye)
Natural vegetation
Oil and grease should not be used due to strong odor and their flammable characteristics.
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30. ELO B
ACTION: Identify the types of target indicators and the techniques to reduce them.
CONDITIONS: In a classroom, given a student handout, and FM
STANDARD: Identify target indicators and the techniques to reduce them by achieving 70% or higher on all graded exams.
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31. TARGET INDICATORS - Anything a sniper does
or fails to do that could result in
detection.
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32. TARGET INDICATORS Sound Movement Disturbance of wildlife Odor
Improper camouflage
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33. SOUND Caused by movement, equipment rattling, or talking.
Small noises may be dismissed as natural, but
talking will not.
Most noticeable during hours of darkness.
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34. MOVEMENT The human eye is attracted to movement.
Quick or jerky movements will be detected faster than slow movement.
Most noticeable during hours of daylight.
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35. DISTURBANCE OF WILDLIFE
Birds suddenly flying away
Sudden stop of animal noise
Animals being frightened
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36. ODOR Cooking Smoking Soaps and lotions Insect repellants
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37. IMPROPER CAMOUFLAGE Shine Outline Contrast with the background
Muzzle Flash
Dark spots
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38. SHINE
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39. OUTLINE
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40. OUTLINE
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41. CONTRAST
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42. CONTRAST
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43. CONTRAST
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44. CONTRAST
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45. MUZZLE FLASH
-The flash from a weapon and the disturbance of vegetation, “Tossed Salad”, will give away a sniper’s location.
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46. DARK SPOTS A common mistake a sniper will make.
Not accounting for the dark hole created by the scope or the neck.
Shadow caused by the sun located behind the sniper.
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47. REDUCTION OF TARGET INDICATORS
Avoid unnecessary movement.
Use all available concealment.
Stay low to observe.
Avoid shiny reflections.
Avoid sky lining.
Alter familiar outlines.
Proper standoff from front blind.
Observe noise discipline.
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48. ELO C
ACTION: Identify the proper camouflage techniques used in the four geographical areas.
CONDITIONS: In a classroom, given a student handout, and FM
STANDARD: Identify the proper camouflage of the four geographical areas by achieving 70% or higher on written exams.
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49. THE DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS
Snow areas
Desert areas
Jungle area
Urban areas
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50. SNOW AREAS Blending is more effective than texture camouflage.
Use white cover-alls or a combination or over-white bottoms and brown or green top depending on the amount of snow in the trees.
Keep in mind that a complete white out of your appearance may not be the proper camouflage.
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51. SNOW AREAS
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52. SNOW AREAS
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53. SNOW AREAS
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54. DESERT AREAS With little vegetation use a blending of tans and browns.
Use the terrain and any available vegetation to your advantage.
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55. DESERT AREAS
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56. DESERT AREAS
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57. DESERT AREAS
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58. DESERT AREAS
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59. JUNGLE AREAS Use: Textured camouflage. Contrasting colors.
Natural vegetation.
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60. JUNGLE AREAS
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61. JUNGLE AREAS
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62. URBAN AREAS Use blended colors of mostly shades of grey.
Textured camouflage is not as important in this area.
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63. URBAN AREAS
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64. URBAN AREAS
RIGHT ANGLES
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65. URBAN AREAS
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66. TLO ACTION: Apply camouflage and concealment techniques.
CONDITIONS: In a classroom, given a student handout, and FM
STANDARD: Apply camouflage to remain undetected under direct observation during all stalk exercises and achieve 70% or higher on graded exams.
U.S. ARMY SNIPER SCHOOL

67. SUMMARY
Camouflage and the use of cover and concealment are important areas that insure the survival of the sniper team on the modern battlefield.
Camouflage and concealment allow the sniper team to remain undetected, while cover protects the snipers from the immediate threat of enemy fires in the event of compromise.
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68. QUESTIONS Q. Name the target indicators.
A. Sound, Movement, Improper camouflage, Disturbance of wildlife, and Odor.
Q. Identify the methods of camouflage.
A. Hiding, blending, and deceiving.
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69. QUESTIONS (CONT.) Q. Identify the types of camouflage.
A. Natural and Artificial.
Q. What are the four camouflage patterns?
A. Striping, Blotching, Combination, and Digital.
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70. QUESTIONS (CONT.) Q. Define cover. A. Protection from enemy fire.
Q. In urban areas, what colors should be used?
A. Shades of grey.
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71. CAMO & CONCEALMENT
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