1. Chapter 28 THE ONSET OF THE COLD WAR

2. The Division of Europe
1945: Russians occupied eastern Europe, American troops occupied western Europe
U.S. demanded free elections throughout Europe
Stalin converted eastern Europe into a system of satellite nations 3 3

13. Europe after World War II

14. Nuclear Arms Race 1946: Baruch Plan
Rapid reduction of U.S. military force
Gradual reduction favored U.S. atomic monopoly 5 5

22. Portable Nuclear Shelter
US Patent Issued In 1986
You say you need significant life saving protection from airborne radioactive fallout?  Is the cost of construction and maintenance keeping you from enjoying the comforts of a permanent nuclear fallout shelter?  Now your worries are over!  When the Big 'A' hits, simply dig a hole in the ground and erect this portable nuclear fallout shelter.
It's equipped with a built-in water supply and an air filtration system which is activated by flapping the sides of the tent.  Patented in 1986 so that you too can be gamma safe and penny wise.

24. Containment 1947: George C. Marshall made Secretary of State
George Kennan: Called for “containment of Russia’s expansive tendencies” 6 6

25. The Truman Doctrine
1947: Truman sought funds to keep Greece, Turkey in Western sphere of influence
Truman Doctrine: “Support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressure” 7 7

26. The Marshall Plan
1947: George Marshall proposed aid for rebuilding European industries
Plan fostered western European prosperity 8 8

27. Marshall Plan to Aid Europe, 1948–1952

28. NATO 1949: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Military alliance included U.S., Canada, most of western Europe
U.S. troops stationed in Europe 9 9

29. Partition of Germany

30. The Berlin Blockade June, 1948: Russians blockaded Berlin
Truman ordered airlift to supply the city
1949: Russians ended blockade 10 10

33. 1947: National Security Act
Department of Defense unified armed forces
Central Intelligence Agency coordinated intelligence-gathering
National Security Council advised president 12 12

34. The Korean War
June 25, 1950: Communist North Korean forces invaded U.S.-influenced South Korea
Truman made South Korea’s defense a U.N. effort, sent in U.S. troops
U.S. routed Korean forces in South
Attempt to unify Korea drew in China
U.S. pushed back to South, war ended in stalemate 14 14

35. The Korean War, 1950–1953

36. Truman Reelected 1948 election: Truman thought unelectable
But, Roosevelt coalition reelected Truman on domestic issues 17 17

38. The Loyalty Issue
House Un-American Activities Committee investigated Communist subversion in government
Alger Hiss case
The Rosenbergs were executed for passing American atomic secrets to the Soviet Union 18 18

39. McCarthyism in Action
1950: Senator Joseph McCarthy launched anticommunist campaign
Claimed to have list of known communists working in government
1954: Attack on Army discredited McCarthy who was then censured 19 19

43. The Election of 1952

44. Eisenhower Doctrine
Republican replaces Truman after 2 terms in White House
Cold War expands to Middle East
United States backs new nation of Israel
USSR backs opposition groups
Eisenhower creates his own doctrine:
United States would use force to guard any country in Middle East requesting aid against Communist threats

45. Entanglement in Indochina
Victory of Communist Ho Chi Minh prompted intervention to prevent election
Vietnam divided, election postponed
South Vietnam under U.S. puppet regime 22 22

46. Turmoil in the Middle East
1956: Nasser nationalized Suez Canal
France, England invaded Egypt
Eisenhower won Middle East trust by pressuring English, French withdrawal 24 24

48. In the Skies Soviets display superior abilities in technology
Soviets create ICBMs to launch intercontinental missiles
Launch Sputnik in 1957
First artificial satellite to orbit Earth
U-2 Incident
U.S. believes spy planes fly at altitude beyond attacking height
Soviets shoot down plane 15 miles in air

50. The Continuing Cold War
January, 1961: Eisenhower warned against growing military-industrial complex
Post-war era marked by Cold War rather than peace and tranquility 27 27