1. What makes the difference for TETRA? - a technology overview
TETRA Malaysian Conference
Kuala Lumpur May 2005
Risto Toikkanen
Vice chairman / TETRA MoU Association

2. What makes the difference?
TETRA differentiates in 2 areas:
A Technical superiority
B New dynamic business approach
Making the difference in technology
The standard
The technology
Multi-vendor interoperability
Innovation

3. Market trends in radio Increased use of mobile data
from voice to combined voice & data
Increased telephony connectivity
Data and text messaging
Shared multi-agency networks
Increased security requirements
Seamless nationwide service coverage
Need for better radio spectrum efficiency

4. 2. The standard
Creating an open telecommunications standard takes time and effort, but it also gives new benefits to users and industry

5. The standard
TETRA is the first and so far only digital PMR standard that has created an open and competed multi-vendor market
TETRA standards were made
Open, created by European Telecommunication Standards Institute - ETSI
On vendor neutral ground – creating level playfield
By multiple strong players contributing and competing
For an open market where techno-economical merits count
Successfully

6. 2. The technology
Telecommunication standards are about defining open interfaces
TETRA air interface
TETRA Direct Mode air interface (DMO)
TETRA Inter-System interface (ISI)
TETRA Peripheral Equipment Interface (PEI)

7. The best PMR air interface
Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
spectrum efficiency, 4 channels in 25 kHz
good support for full duplex and cell handovers
allows simultaneous/alternating voice + data
Resilient and secure
vocoder designed to filter out background noise
robust channel coding and signalling to allow fast group call set-ups without acknowledgements
TDMA allows signalling during traffic – emergency call always through

8. Combined voice + data TETRA gives all in one Ready applications
status messaging
short data messaging, text messaging
IP packet data, in one or multiple slots
TETRA Release 2 will bring much higher bit rates
Ready applications
good basis for application development
Status and SDS for fast response, short message, group use
IP data for bigger data volumes
hundreds of ready applications from partners

9. The ultimate security Made for mission critical use
authentication of radios (and/or networks)
air interface encryption with 4 purpose-built algorithms
the only way to protect user identities and signalling
static or dynamic encryption keys, dynamic key changes frequently
end-to-end encryption, support for national algorithms
remote disabling of stolen radios
alternatively on-line monitoring by Ambience Listening
jamming detection

10. 3. Multi-vendor interoperability
TETRA is the first PMR technology thet created a truly open multi-vendor market

11. Benefits of open multi-vendor market
User benefits
wide choice of compatible certified terminals
specialised product for special needs
continuous and genuine competition
less dependency - lower risk of market disturbances
Industry benefits
wider market, bigger volumes
more possibility to invest – faster product creation
longer lifetime of market
TETRA MoU Association runs the IOP certification process to guarantee open multi-vendor market

12. TETRA Interoperability certification
“Process to ensure that equipment from multiple vendors are compatible”
Problem-free operation
Wanted functionality
In practice it is about protocol conformance
TETRA Interoperability
The TETRA Interoperability (IOP) concentrates on technical interoperability certification of multi-vendor TETRA equipment.
Successful IOP certification is fundamental in creation of open multi-vendor market.
Open multi-vendor market is fundamental for the success of TETRA - and it has happened

13. TETRA IOP Certification process
ACCEPTED into OPERATION
(Also need CE mark or TA)
STANDARDS
CERTIFICATE
TMO AI group
DMO AI group
ISI group
(PEI group)
MoU
MoU
Operator/User Association
Technical Forum
Members’ Enquiry
Certification Body
ISCTI *) – Rome/Italy
approx 12
suppliers
TEST PLANS
TIP SPECS
*) Instituto Superiore delle Comunicazioni e tecnologie dell'Informazione

14. TETRA IOP achievements (1)
TETRA Interoperability Profile (TIP) documents available to members – in total 28 TIP specifications published by today
TETRA Interoperability Test Plan documents available to members – in total 15 Test Plan documents published or agreed
Certification test sessions arranged at manufacturer’s premises to run the test cases specified in the Test Plans
TETRA IOP Certificates are public documents and published at the TETRA MoU website – 69 certificates published in 2004 and 16 during 1Q 2005
Most customers today require their equipment supplier to provide IOP certificates on the features they purchase

15. TETRA IOP achievements (2)
Tested products from:
Cleartone
DeTeWe/FWK
Frequentis
IFR (tester)
Marconi/OTE
Motorola
Niros
Nokia
Rohde & Schwarz
Rohill
Simoco/Sepura
Teltronic
Thales
Certificates at:
TETRA IOP certification results
7 companies have received TETRA infrastructure certificates
9 companies have received TETRA terminal certificates in trunked mode
6 companies have received TETRA DMO certificates
THE AMOUNT OF CERTIFICATES VARIES
BETWEEN COMPANIES – AND IS GROWING
- see status lists in handout package

16. Competition is the key driver of innovation

17. Handset innovations Only open competition can boost this amount of
Who else can do this – TETRA already does:
Which other PMR technology delivers handsets with integral GPS receiver today?
Which other PMR technology delivers handsets with colour display today?
Which other PMR technology delivers handsets with web & WAP browsers today?
Quick questionnaire in TETRA seminar in Oslo March 2005 revealed close to 30 new TETRA terminal models being launched during the last 3 years
Only open competition can boost this amount of
handset innovations and R&D investment

18. Radio access innovations
New base station models introduced:
receiver technology
today’s receiver is mainly software (SDR)
sensitivity increase by ~6 dB by Rx design
multi-receiver diversity
cross-polarisation antennae
uplink sensitivity of TETRA base stations improved drastically
can rise from –106 dBm to – 115 dBm or so
important with handsets
By improved receiver technology the perceived
coverage advantage of FDMA technologies disappears.

19. Core network flexibility
Optimal products to all sizes:
single site systems at optimal cost
rapid deployment systems
big carrier grade switches with up to 1000 channels for wide area networks
Core network architectures:
both voice & (IP) data delivered circuit switched
IP packet data core & circuit switched voice
IP network for both voice & data
Extra benefit:
Interoperability between networks via the TETRA ISI
TETRA standard gave industry the toolkit
to optimise architectures to fit everyone’s needs.

20. Conclusions TETRA created multi-vendor market for PMR 1. Standard
open global standard with rich features
2. Technology
the best for combined voice + data
3. Interoperability
TETRA made multi-vendor supply reality
4. Innovation
TETRA demonstrates fastest product development

21. Additional handout information
Available TIP specifications and IOP Test Plans
Published TETRA IOP certificates
System Manufacturers
Terminal Manufacturers
Status as per May 2005

22. TTR 001 – Air Interface TIP Specifications IOP Test plans
part 1: Core v.4.8
yes (new upd)
part 2: Short Data Service
yes
part 3: Dynamic Group Number Assignment
yes
part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated & mutual)
yes/SwMI init.
part 5: Packet Data (single slot & multislot)
(new past ME)
part 6: Air Interface migration phase 1 + 2
yes (new)
part 7: Fleet Specific Short Number Dialling
yes
part 8: RF loop back no
part 9: Ambience Listening
yes
part 10: E-t-e encryption w Clear Voice Override
yes
part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK)
yes
part 12: Service Interaction
yes (new)
part 13: AI enable/disable no
TTR = TETRA MoU Technical Report
part 14: TETRA Key Distribution no
part 15: Call Authorised by Dispatcher
passed ME
part 16: Air to ground no
part 17: Radio User Assignment no

23. TTR 002 – Direct Mode Operation
TIP Specifications
IOP Test plans
DMO TIP v.2 part 1: core
Group call with pre-emption
and change over
Individual call
Status messaging Intrinsic services
Random access
Transition DM->TM->DM
yes
Part 2: DMO gateway
passed ME
TTR = TETRA MoU Technical Report,
ME = Members’ Enquiry
Part 3: DMO repeater
passed ME
Part 4: DMO e-t-e encryption
passed ME
Part x: DMO static encryption no

24. TTR 003 – Inter-System-Interface
TIP Specifications
IOP Test plans
Part 1: Mobility management – including authentication no
Part 2: Individual call – including simplex/duplex and TPI
past ME
Part 3: Short Data Service (status and text message) no
Part 4: Lower layers no
Part 5-1: Circuit Mode transmission (voice frame format) no
Part 5-2: Packet Mode transmission (voice frame format) no
Part 6: Group call no
TTR = TETRA MoU Technical Report

25. System certification Air interface Frequentis Motorola Teltronic
R&S Bick
Nokia
OTE
Rohill
Air interface
part 1: Core (v. 3)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 2: Short Data Service
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 3: Dynamic Group Number Assignment
yes
yes
yes -
yes -
yes
part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -
yes
part 5: Packet Data (single slot)
yes
yes -
yes -
yes
yes
part 7: Fleet Specific Short Number Dialling
yes - - - - - -
part 9: Ambience Listening
yes
yes - - - - -
part 10: E-t-e encryption w Clear Voice Override
yes -
yes - - - -
part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK)
yes
yes
yes -
yes -
yes

26. Terminal certification
Motorola
Teltronic
Cleartone
DeTeWe
Sepura
Nokia
Thales
OTE
Niros
Air interface
part 1: Core (v. 3)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 2: Short Data Service
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 3: Dynamic Group Number Assignment
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes - - -
part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -
part 5: Packet Data (single slot)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes - - -
part 7: Fleet Specific Short Number Dialling
yes - -
yes - - - - -
part 9: Ambience Listening
yes
yes -
yes - - -
yes -
part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO -
yes
yes - - - -
yes -
part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -
Direct Mode Operation
part 1: Core v. 2
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes - - -

27. Nokia system & IOP terminals
Nokia TETRA System
Nokia
Motorola
OTE
Teltronic
Cleartone
Sepura
DeTeWe
Thales
Niros
Air interface
part 1: Core (v. 3)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 2: SDS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -
yes
yes
part 3: DGNA
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes - - -
part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -
part 5: Packet Data (single slot)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes - - - -
part 7: FSSN
yes
yes - -
yes -
yes - - -
part 9: Ambience Listening
yes
yes
yes -
yes - - -
yes -
part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO
yes -
yes
yes - - - -
yes -
part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -
yes -

28. Motorola system & IOP terminals
Nokia
Motorola
OTE
Teltronic
Cleartone
Sepura
DeTeWe
Thales
Niros
Dimetra IP
Air interface
part 1: Core (v. 3)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 2: SDS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes - -
yes
part 3: DGNA
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes - - -
part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -
part 5: Packet Data (single slot)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes - - -
part 7: FSSN -
part 9: Ambience Listening
yes
yes
yes -
yes - - - - -
part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO -
part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -

29. OTE system & IOP terminals
Nokia
Motorola
OTE
Teltronic
Cleartone
Sepura
DeTeWe
Thales
Niros
Elettra
Air interface
part 1: Core (v. 3)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 2: SDS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 3: DGNA
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -
part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 5: Packet Data (single slot) -
part 7: FSSN -
part 9: Ambience Listening -
part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO
yes - -
yes - - - -
part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes

30. Rohill system & IOP terminals
Nokia
Motorola
OTE
Teltronic
Cleartone
Sepura
DeTeWe
Thales
Niros
TETRANode
Air interface
part 1: Core (v. 3)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 2: SDS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 3: DGNA
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 5: Packet Data (single slot)
yes
yes
yes -
yes
yes -
part 7: FSSN -
part 9: Ambience Listening -
part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO -
part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes

31. Teltronic system & IOP terminals
Nokia
Motorola
OTE
Teltronic
Cleartone
Sepura
DeTeWe
Thales
Niros
Nebula
Air interface
part 1: Core (v. 3)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 2: SDS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 3: DGNA -
part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -
part 5: Packet Data (single slot)
yes
yes
yes -
yes - -
part 7: FSSN -
part 9: Ambience Listening -
part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO -
part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK) -

32. Frequentis system & IOP terminals
Nokia
Motorola
OTE
Teltronic
Cleartone
Sepura
DeTeWe
Thales
Niros
Dimetra Compact
Air interface
part 1: Core (v. 3)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 2: SDS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -
yes
part 3: DGNA -
part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated) -
part 5: Packet Data (single slot)
yes
yes
yes -
yes - - -
part 7: FSSN -
part 9: Ambience Listening -
part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO -
part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK) -

33. Rhode&Schwarz Bick Mobilfunk system & IOP terminals
Nokia
Motorola
OTE
Teltronic
Cleartone
Sepura
DeTeWe
Thales
Niros
Accessnet-T
Air interface
part 1: Core (v. 3)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 2: SDS
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
part 3: DGNA
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -
yes
yes
part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -
yes
yes
part 5: Packet Data (single slot) -
part 7: FSSN -
part 9: Ambience Listening -
part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO -
part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK)
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes -
yes -