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PART 1 Tissues.

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Presentation on theme: "PART 1 Tissues."— Presentation transcript:

1 PART 1 Tissues

2 Cells work together in functionally related groups called tissues
A group of closely associated cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3 Four Basic Tissue Types and Basic Functions
Epithelial tissue – covering (Chapters 4 and 5) Connective tissue – support (Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 9) Muscle tissue – movement (Chapters 10 and 11) Nervous tissue – control (Chapters 12 – 16 and 25) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

4 Covers a body surface or lines a body cavity
Epithelial Tissue Covers a body surface or lines a body cavity Forms parts of most glands Functions of epithelium Protection Absorption, secretion, and ion transport Filtration Forms slippery surfaces Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5 Special Characteristics of Epithelia
Cellularity Cells separated by minimal extra cellular material Specialized contacts Cells joined by special junctions Polarity Cell regions of the apical surface differ from the basal surface Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6 Special Characteristics of Epithelia
Support by connective tissue Avascular but innervated Epithelia receive nutrients from underlying connective tissue Regeneration Lost cells are quickly replaced by cell division Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7 Special Characteristics of Epithelia
Figure 4.1 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8 Classifications of Epithelia
First name of tissue indicates number of cell layers Simple – one layer of cells Stratified – more than one layer of cells Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

9 Classifications of Epithelia
Last name of tissue describes shape of cells Squamous – cells are wider than tall (plate-like) Cuboidal – cells are as wide as tall, like cubes Columnar – cells are taller than they are wide, like columns Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10 Classifications of Epithelia
Figure 4.2 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

11 Simple Squamous Epithelium
Description – single layer – flat cells with disc-shaped nuclei Specialized types Endothelium (inner covering) – slick lining of hollow organs Mesothelium (middle covering) Lines peritoneal, pleural, pericardial cavities Covers visceral organs of those cavities Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12 Simple Squamous Epithelium
Function Passage of materials by passive diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae Location Renal corpuscles Alveoli of lungs Lining of heart, blood and lymphatic vessels Lining of ventral body cavity (serosae) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

13 Simple Squamous Epithelium
Figure 4.3a Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

14 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Description Single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei Function Secretion and absorption Location Kidney tubules, secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

15 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Figure 4.3b Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

16 Simple Columnar Epithelium
Description – single layer of column-shaped (rectangular) cells with oval nuclei Some bear cilia at their apical surface May contain goblet cells Function Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances Ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

17 Simple Columnar Epithelium
Location Nonciliated form Lines digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some glands Ciliated form Lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

18 Simple Columnar Epithelium
Figure 4.3c Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

19 Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Description All cells originate at basement membrane Only tall cells reach the apical surface May contain goblet cells and bear cilia Nuclei lie at varying heights within cells Gives false impression of stratification Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

20 Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Function – secretion of mucus; propulsion of mucus by cilia Locations Nonciliated type Ducts of male reproductive tubes Ducts of large glands Ciliated variety Lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

21 Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Figure 4.3d Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

22 Stratified Epithelia Properties Contain two or more layers of cells
Regenerate from below (basal layer) Major role is protection Named according to shape of cells at apical layer Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

23 Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Description Many layers of cells – squamous in shape Deeper layers of cells appear cuboidal or columnar Thickest epithelial tissue Adapted for protection from abrasion Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

24 Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Two types Keratinized and nonkeratinized Keratinized Location – epidermis Contains the protective protein keratin Waterproof Surface cells are dead and full of keratin Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

25 Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue
Nonkeratinized Forms moist lining of body openings Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

26 Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Function – Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion Location Keratinized – forms epidermis Nonkeratinized – forms lining of mucous membranes Esophagus Mouth Anus Vagina Urethra Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

27 Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Figure 4.3e Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

28 Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Description – generally two layers of cube-shaped cells Function – protection Location Forms ducts of Mammary glands Salivary glands Largest sweat glands Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

29 Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Figure 4.3f Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

30 Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Description – several layers; basal cells usually cuboidal; superficial cells elongated Function – protection and secretion Location Rare tissue type Found in male urethra and large ducts of some glands Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

31 Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Figure 4.3g Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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