1. Anatomy & Physiology
EQ: What are the different directional terms, planes, and body Cavities?

2. Anatomical Position
In the anatomical position, the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the body’s sides with the palms facing forward.

3. Prone Position Supine Position Anatomical position faced down.
Anatomical position faced up.

5. Body Cavities

6. Directional Terms

7. Deep vs Superficial

11. Skeletal System (Cont.)
EQ: What is the purpose of the Skeletal System and What are the bones of the skull & pelvic Girdle?

12. The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system include:
Bones (skeleton)
Joints (area where two bones meet)
Cartilages (a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints)
Ligaments (a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint)
Divided into two divisions:
Axial skeleton (skull, ribs and vertebra)
Appendicular skeleton (pelvis, extremities)

13. Functions of Bones Support of the body Protection of soft organs
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
Storage of minerals and fats
Blood cell formation

14. Bones of the Human Body The adult skeleton has 206 bones
However, we are born with 300 bones

15. Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape
Figure 5.1

16. Classification of Bones
Long bones
Typically longer than wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends
Contain mostly compact bone
Examples: Femur, humerus
Short bones
Generally cube-shape
Contain mostly spongy bone
Examples: Carpals, tarsals

17. Classification of Bones
Flat bones
Thin and flattened, usually curved
Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum
Irregular bones
Irregular in shape
Do not fit into other bone classification categories
Example: Vertebrae and hip

18. Moving on to Medical Terminology

19. Bones of the Human Body
Extremities (limbs) are the parts of the body farthest from the center of the body.
When referring to any extremities, use the word root acr/o
When referring to bones use the word root oste/o
When referring to joints use the word root arthr/o

20. The Skull

21. Bones of the Skull

22. Human Skull, Superior View

23. Human Skull, Inferior View

24. The Hyoid Bone
The only bone that does not articulate with another bone
Serves as a moveable base for the tongue

25. The Pelvis
Pelvic Girdle

26. The Pelvis: Right Coxal Bone