1. Spanish Conquest in the New World

2. Explorers of the New World
Date
Area Explored
Ponce de Leon
1513
Puerto Rico and Florida
Hernado Cortes
Mexico and California
Fancisco Pizarro
West Coast of South America
Hernando de Soto
Southeast North America
Coronado
Southwest North America

3. Columbus’ Voyages
Altogether, Columbus sailed on four voyages to the new world.
The first voyage, Columbus reached an unknown Caribbean Island in October 1492
The second voyage Columbus landed in what is now Haiti
The third voyage traveled along central America
The final voyage traveled along South America

5. Columbus’ Attitude to Indigenous Peoples
October 12, 1492:
They were very well-built people, with handsome bodies and very fine faces, though their appearance is marred somewhat by very broad heads and foreheads…Their eyes are large and very pretty, and their skin is the color of Canary Islanders…They are in fact well proportioned.
October 13, 1492:
I cannot get over how docile these people are. They have so little to give but will give it all for whatever we give them, if only broken pieces of glass and crockery.
October 12, 1492:
They ought to make good and skilled servants, for they repeat very quickly what we say to them. I think they can easily be made Christians, for they seem to have no religion. If it pleases Our Lord, I will take six of them to your Highness when I depart

6. Actions against Indigenous Peoples
When Columbus could not locate gold, he created a tribute system.
Every three months, every person of 14 years old or upward had to pay so much gold dust or 25 pounds of cotton. If the native did so, he received a brass or copper token to wear around his neck.
If an indigenous person was found without the medallion he was punished
In 1501, Columbus sent 5,000 slaves from Haiti to Spain. 5,000 more were made slaves for colonists in Haiti.
Slavery was not uncommon during this time. Many Native Americans had other Native Americans as slaves, as did Africans of other Africans, and Europeans of other Europeans. However, this did cause other countries to become interested in capturing the American indigenous people to sell for slavery.
In Haiti, the indigenous population before Columbus arrived was 8,000,000
By 1555, the indigenous population was gone

7. Spain Vs. Portugal
Christopher Columbus asks both countries to sponsor his voyage--Spain agrees.
Portugal saw the wealth that Spain was gaining and became a rival.
1494 Treaty of Tordesillas set Line of Demarcation at 50 longitude
Spain got everything west and Portugal got everything east of the line.

9. Spanish Conquistadors
soldier-explorers who settled in the Americas in hopes of finding treasure
inspired by Columbus to seek fortune in the New World
Many came from the part of Spain called Extremadura.
poor soil, icy winters, & blistering hot summers held little chance for wealth
Hernan Cortes was born in this province

10. Spanish Conquistadors

11. Ponce de Leon
Ponce de Leon had sailed with Columbus on his second voyage.
He explored and conquered Puerto Rico and became its governor.
He later sailed to North America landing in present day Florida searching for the Fountain of Youth.
He was the first Spaniard to set foot in what is today the United States and explored the area that later became St. Augustine, the first Spanish settlement in the New World. It is also the oldest city in America.

13. Hernan Cortes
Spanish conquistador who reached Mexico in 1519 in search of treasure
arrived in Mexico with 550 soldiers, 16 horses, 14 canons, & a few dogs
group was met by Aztec emperor, Montezuma II

15. Cortes invades Mexico
How could such a small force conquer a huge empire?
1. Cortes knew how to use Spanish horse and guns to shock Aztecs.
2. Malintzin (a Mayan woman) gave Cortes information on the Aztec empire & helped him form alliances against Montezuma.
3. Cortes had invisible help—diseases like smallpox and influenza that killed more Aztecs than Spanish swords.
4. Montezuma believed Cortes to be Quetzalcoatl--an important Aztec god.

16. Cortes Meeting Montezuma

17. Cortes Defeats the Aztec
Cortes traveled 400 miles to reach Tenochitlan.
Montezuma did not attack right away because he first thought Cortes was Quetzalcoatl.
The Spanish were able to take control of the city & took Montezuma hostage.
Cortes ordered the Aztec to stop sacrificing people.

18. Cortes Defeats Aztec
Cortes’ orders angered Aztec; planned a rebellion.
Fighting broke out & Montezuma was killed.
The Spanish were outnumbered, so they fled the city.
Before they could prepare a 2nd attack, smallpox broke out in Tenochitlan & greatly weakened the large Aztec empire.
1521--Spanish destroyed the Aztec capital.

20. After Conquering the Aztec…
Cortes took part in one more expedition to Honduras.
served as Governor General of New Spain
returned to Spain a very wealthy man
died in Seville, Spain in 1547

21. Francisco Pizarro Pizarro was also from the Extremadura.
He was not of noble birth; could not even write his name.
At age 16, Pizarro fled a job herding pigs in Italy.
1502--He arrived in the Americas and became very wealthy by exploring Panama.
heard a rumor that there was a great empire filled with gold in the mountains of South America

22. The Inca
1530s--Inca thought they ruled most of the world; two threats from the north proved they did not.
1.They couldn’t stop the spread of smallpox.
2. They couldn’t scare away Pizarro.

24. Pizarro Conquers the Inca
Pizarro led 160 soldiers to the Incan homeland.
raided Incan storehouses & fired guns at villagers
Incan emperor, Atahualpa, thought Pizarro was crazy--how could he stand up to an army of 80,000 Incan warriors?
1532--Pizarro came up with a plan to defeat the Inca.

25. Atahualpa

26. Pizarro Defeats the Inca
Spanish messengers invited Atahualpa to a meeting.
He agreed & left most of his army behind--brought only 5,000 bodyguards.
Pizarro’s 160 soldiers attacked the Inca & kidnapped Atahualpa.
Pizarro offered to free Atahualpa if he filled one room with gold & one with silver.
Atahualpa kept his end of the bargain, but Pizarro killed him in 1533.

27. After Conquering the Inca…
Spanish king made Pizarro the governor of Peru and Pizarro founded the city of Lima as the capital.
Pizarro’s conquest of Peru opened most of South America to Spanish rule.
Spain controlled a vast territory covering 375,000 miles with almost seven million inhabitants.
In 1541, Atahualpa’s cousin killed
Pizarro.