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Cell Organelles Eukaryotic Cells
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Cell Parts Cells – the basic unit of life
Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions. Analogy – City of Harrisburg
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A) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane
Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell. Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins Analogy – Harrisburg city limits
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B) Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Function: All cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Structure: made up of fluid and organelles except for nucleus Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Harrisburg, except City Hall
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C) Nucleus Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA & RNA actions.
Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA Analogy – City Hall
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E) Nucleolus Nucleolus Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins. Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA Analogy – The Mayor
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F) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA (chromatin) Function: information on how to make proteins. Chromatin – unorganized DNA (normal state) Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before cell division Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in the nucleus Analogy – The Laws or City Code
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G) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER Smooth ER Function: Transportation route for proteins. Rough ER: has ribosomes Smooth ER: no ribosomes Structure: tubes and channels Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks
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H) Ribosomes Function: Makes proteins.
Free Ribosomes Function: Makes proteins. Structure: small circular organelles Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.
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I) Vacuoles & Vesicles Vesicles Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste. Structure: small membrane-bound organelle. Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.
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J) Lysosomes Lysosomes Function: packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell. Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles Analogy – Recycling center
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K) Mitochondria Mitochondria Function: Produce energy for the cell – site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse” Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped. Analogy – PP&L
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L) Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus Function: Packages, labels and ships proteins out of the cell. Structure: Pancake-shaped layered organelle Analogy – Post Office
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O) Cilia & Flagella Cilia Flagella Flagella Function: provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell. Structure: Flagella – 1 long fiber Cilia – many short fibers Analogy – Cars or bicycles.
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P) Chloroplasts (Plants only)
Function: site of photosynthesis (converting sun and CO2 into sugar). Structure: Membrane bound organelles that contain chlorophyll Analogy – Solar Panels
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Q) Cell Wall (Plant cells only)
Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant. Structure: Made of cellulose Analogy – ground, rock wall
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Cell Parts Analogy Create an analogy (besides the city analogy) for the cell and its parts Possible ideas: Stadium School Country Restaurant House Mall Waterpark
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Stadium Example: Cell membrane: wall of stadium, gates
Cytoplasm: everything inside the stadium. Nucleus: the control room for the stadium. Etc…
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