1. Spore Shedding Vascular Plants
By D.G.JOSHI
For B.Sc 3rd semester

2. Huperzia a forest wetlands dwelling lycophyte
These plants are the diploid sporophyte

3. Huperzia lucidula a wetlands-dwelling lycophyte

4. Huperzia root cross-section
epidermis
cortex
protoxylem
xylem
metaxylem
phloem
amphiphloic
plectostele
exarch

5. Protosteles: haplosteles actinostele plectostele Siphonosteles:
cortex phloem xylem
Siphonosteles:
siphonostele
solenostele
dictyostele
cortex phloem xylem pith
leaf gap
leaf trace
eustele
atactostele
dicot stem
monocot stem

6. last year’s sporophylls
microphyll
stem
sporophyll
sporangium
spores
gemma
last year’s sporophylls

7. Huperzia root cross-section with branch root cross sections

8. Huperzia microphyll cross section
mesophyll
cutinized epidermis
vascular bundle
stoma

9. Lycopodium obscurum a forest-dwelling lycophyte
The sporophylls are organized into a terminal strobilus.

10. Lycopodium obscurum sporophytes demonstrate dichotomous branching.
Microphylls are spirally arranged with some flattening of the branch system.
Lycopodium obscurum strobili are not interrupted by microphylls.
Sporophylls are not photo-synthetic.

11. Strobilus Longisection
sporophyll
sterile jacket
spores (1N)
sporangium
stalk
All the spores are the same small size, so Lycopodium is homosporous.
The spores are shed into the wind.

12. Lycopodium gametophytes may be photosynthetic

13. The sperm is flagellated and chemotactic

14. Diphasiastrum complanatum a forest-dwelling lycophyte

15. Lycopodiella alopecuroides a grassland dwelling lycophyte

16. Lycopodium innundatum a bog-dwelling lycophyte

17. Rhynia was a Psilotum-like swamp dwelling organism living with
Protolepidodendron, the herbaceous ancestor of woody Lepidodendron in swamps during the Devonian period.

18. Lepidodendron was a large lycophyte tree living in marshes
Lepidodendron was a large lycophyte tree living in marshes. Dead plants and spores built up in the peat of the marshes, were later overrun with sediments, and by heat and pressure were converted to coal.