1. Anatomy of Rat The Circulatory System in the rat, Rattus norvegicus
Lab Exercise # 12
Zoo- 145
Anatomy of Rat
The Circulatory System in the rat, Rattus norvegicus
The Venous System
Major Veins and Their Location

2. Lab Exercise # 12
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The classification of the Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Muridae
Genus: Rattus
Species: norvegicus

3. Venous System Lab Exercise # 11 Zoo- 145
The blood vessels or blood tubes which collect the blood from different organs and bring it back to the heart are called Veins and their total network form a system (Venous System) that includes the heart.
Venous System has been divided into two subsystems,
Proper Venous System that includes the veins, those pour the blood in the heart directly;
Portal Venous System include only those veins which drop the blood in the liver and from liver it is taken to heart by hepatic vein.
The veins carry the used or impure or deoxygenated blood in them so these appear blue except pulmonay vein that carries the pure blood and appear red in colour.
The wall of the vein is very thin and veins are translucent and thick in diameter. These are generally located over the tissues and not very deep in the muscles as arteries.

4. Lab Exercise # 12
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The major Veins in the rat are three vena cava and through these cava different veins find their way to heart. These are located as follows:
A. Right Anterior Venacava B
Left Anterior Venacava
Internal Juguglar Vein
External Jugular Vein
Subclavian Vein
Internal Mammary Vein
Anterior Intercoastal Vein
Azygos Vein

5. Lab Exercise # 12 Zoo- 145 C. Posterior Vena Cava
Phrenic Vein (Blood collecting from diaphragm)
Hepatic Vein (Blood collecting from liver)
Hepatic Portal Vein (Blood collecting from the digestive system)
Lenogastric Vein (Blood collecting from spleen and gaster)
Duodenal Vein (Blood collecting from duodenum)
Anterior Mesenteric Vein (Blood collecting from ileum)
Posterio Mesenteric Vein (Blood collecting from large intestine)
Renal Vein (Blood collecting from kidneys)
Spermatic Veins or Ovarian Veins (Blood collecting from testis/ovaries)
Iliolumber Veins (Blood collecting from muscles in the back)
Iliac Vein (18+ 19)
External Iliac Veins
Internal Iliac Veins (Blood collecting from Pelvic muscles)
Femoral Veins (Blood collecting from legs)
Vesical vein (Blood collecting from urinary bladder)
Pulmonary Vein (Blood collecting from the lungs)

6. Lab Exercise # 12
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7. Lab Exercise # 12
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8. Trace the Systemic Veins
1. The left and right superior vena cava conduct blood from the upper part of the body into the right atrium. Trace these veins from the atrium until you find the small internal jugular vein and continues as the subclavian vein. 2. The subclavian vein divides into the external jugular vein and the axillary vein. 3. The inferior vena cava carries blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium. The hepatic vein drains the liver and enters the inferior vena cava near the diaphragm. 4. Renal veins drain the kidneys. 5. Genital veins lead from the gonads and enter the inferior vena cava. 6. The iliac and femoral veins drain the legs. 7. The caudal vein drains the tail.

9. The Hepatic Portal System
A portal system is a system of veins that carries blood from one bed of capillaries to another bed of capillaries. The hepatic portal system carries blood from the mesenteries, small intestine, spleen, somach and pancres to the liver. Specifically, the gastic, splenic, and mesenteric veins drain the digestive system and unit to form the hepatic portal vein which carries the blood to the liver.
The liver is strategically located to receive blood after nutrients have been absorbed in the intestinal tract. The liver cells can easily modify these nutrients and remove toxins.
The vessels of the hepatic portal system may be difficult to find.