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Safe From Democracy The US and World War I
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American Liberal Internationalism
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An Era of Intervention
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Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy
Divided world into civilized & uncivilized nations Negotiated settlement of Russo-Japanese War of 1905
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I Took the Canal Zone Hay Paunceforte Treaty Clayton Bulworth Treaty
Nicaragua vs. Panama The French Factor The Columbian Factor The Panama Revolution
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Roosevelt Corollary Monroe Doctrine
US right to exercise an international policy power in Western Hemisphere Britain, Italian, German Naval Blockade of Venezuela American seizure of custom houses in Dominican Republic Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick
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Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy
Economic investment and loans from American banks rather than direct military intervention Not successful in China Sold retired battleships to Argentina William Jennings Bryan, secretary of state, Grape Juice Diplomacy
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Wilson and Mexico Moral imperialism
Francisco Madero overthrows Porfirio Diaz in Mexican Revolution 1911 Victoriano Huerta assassinated Madero & seizes power in 1913 Mexican Civil War: Wilson orders troops to Vera Cruz Pancho Villa
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America and the Great War
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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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Europe 1914
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Neutrality and Preparedness
Sinking of the Lusitania German submarine warfare Cash program to expand American army & navy
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Road to War 1916 victory “He Kept Us Out of War” Peace without Victory
Zimmerman Telegram
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Western Front
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Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Agenda for Peace Conference Following the War Self determination for all nations Freedom of seas Free trade Open diplomacy Readjustment of colonial claims League of nations
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WWI at Home
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Creation of unprecedented powers & increased presence in American’s everyday lives
Selective Service Act War Industries Board War Labor Board Corporate and income tax increase Liberty bonds
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Propaganda War Disseminating Patriotism became Government Job
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
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Coming of Women’s Suffrage
Most were opposed to American entry in War Jeannette Rankin National Women’s Party & Alice Paul 19th Amendment
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Prohibition & 18th Amendment
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Liberty in Wartime What is balance between security & freedom?
Espionage Act of 1917 and arrest of Eugene V. Debs Coercive Patriotism: patriotism meant support for the government, the war and the American economic system
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Who is an American?
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The Race Problem Eugenics Americanization and Pluralism
Wartime Americanization Assimilation
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The Anti-German Crusade
Liberty Cabbage Freedom Sandwich
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Immigrant Act of 1917 Banned undesirables (idiots, feeble-minded persons, criminals, epileptics, insane persons, alcoholics, professional beggars, mentally or physically defective persons, polygamist, & anarchists Barred all immigrants over the age of sixteen who were illiterate. “Asiatic Barred Zone,” a region that included much of eastern Asia and the Pacific Islands from which people could not immigrate.
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Color Line & Great Migration
Roosevelt: invited Booker T. Washington to dine at White House, but not in favor of black civil rights Wilson: imposed segregation in federal depts. Revival of Civil Rights with W. E. B. DuBois
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Rise of Garveyism
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1919: Worldwide Revolutionary Upsurge
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Red Scare Attorney General Mitchell Palmer & Palmer Raids
J. Edgar Hoover, director of Radical Division of Justice Department
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Wilson at Versailles Some Wilson goals achieved
Versailles Treaty: harsh document guaranteeing future conflict Impossible demands
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Treaty Debate Wilson’s self proclaimed finest legacy: League of Nations Critics warned it’s deprive America of freedom of action War to make democracy safe: failure
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Europe in 1919
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