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Pie chart comparison of pain control at 3 weeks after lobectomy by standard thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). The pie charts show that patients undergoing VATS have significantly less pain (P < .01) as measured by the most potent analgesic still required: severe—schedule II narcotic; moderate—schedule III or lower narcotic; mild—nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or acetaminophen. (Reproduced with permission from Demmy TL, Nwogu C. Is video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy better? Quality of life considerations. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;85:S719. Copyright Elsevier.) Source: Chest Wall, Lung, Mediastinum, and Pleura, Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 10e Citation: Brunicardi F, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB, Pollock RE. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 10e; 2014 Available at: Accessed: November 14, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved
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