1. Conditions on the Eve of the Reformation
MISSING
Rare picture of the lesser known
“Posting of the 95 lost kittens” by
Martin Luther. Note: Only 15
were found.

2. Religion
1. Historical Problems a. Babylonian Captivity ( ) 2. The Great Schism (~ 40 years)
Effects:
-Both of these cause great damage to the church’s moral influence… the power of the Pope declined.
-Europeans felt greater loyalty to the Monarchs than the Church

3. Wycliffe
1. John Wycliffe “The only religious truth is the Bible.” - Calls for an end to all church practices not in the Bible.
Wycliffe , leader of the Lollards

4. Wycliffe
-Wycliffe translates the Bible from Latin the English Effects: 1)broke the Church’s hold as keepers of religious truth 2) Lollards led a church revolt

5. Clerical Abuses
1. Corruptions in the Church a. Clerical immorality (drinking, gambling, sex) 2. Clerical Ignorance (many could barely read/write) 3. Clerical Pluralism 4. Clerical Absenteeism

6. Jan Hus
4. Jan Hus – A Czech, who like Wycliffe, translated the Latin Bible A. Hussite Wars 1. Hus called upon to defend his views, he’s branded a heretic and burned at the stake (promised protection) 2. HRE wages war against the Hussites over 16 years -Hussites and the Pope eventually reach a truce

7. Politics
1. Rise of centralized states 2. Monarchs vs. the Church -Protestantism is often a front for rebellion (Dutch hate the Hapsburgs and want independence, we hate Catholics… think Northern Ireland 3. Catholic Monarchs resented for forcing conversions

8. Economics
1. The Church gaining wealth through: a. exploration/ expansion/ conversion 2. corruption/ fees -Simony/beneficces/extortion 3. Selling of Indulgences -“Get out of purgatory free card” -M. Luther had big issues with this

9. Economics
2. Middle class gaining wealth through hard work -frugal, save, live simply (N. Ren) -”Protestant work ethic” 3. Monarchs gaining wealth by taxing middle class -seen as wasteful, immoral and decadent…unchrist-like

10. Economics
Effects: -Church’s wealth resented by Monarchs and middle class because of its corruption, ignorance, and neglecting of religious philosophy. -Middle class’ wealth resented, “They don’t deserve that much.” -Monarchs’ wealth resented by the Church and middle class, seen as too powerful, ruthless, and political.

11. Social Rise of white, urban males & the Middle Class
- N. Ren. merchants…
Peasants, women, minorities do not gain much (do not experience a “Renaissance”)
Monk is no longer the “Ideal Man”

12. Social
Effects -White urban males and Middle Class resent taxes. Want validation of their Secular life -Peasants, women, and minorities want what others (white males) have

13. Intellectual You know this stuff… Secularism Humanism Individualism
Effect: Church’s actions and teachings questioned

14. THE STAGE IS SET…