1. Biomes
& Aquatic Ecosystems

2. Biomes group of communities with similar climate, plants, and animals.
Tolerance: amount of variation animals & plants can live in and still survive and reproduce
Microclimate – the climate in a small area is different than the surrounding climate
Temperature & Precipitation
Mountain

3. Exceptions North Polar Region – polar bears, seals, insects, and mites
Mountain Ranges
Abiotic and biotic factors vary with elevation
affects the types of plants and animals.
Polar Ice Caps
North Polar Region – polar bears, seals, insects, and mites
Antarctica – penguins and marine mammals

4. Aquatic Ecosystems Water’s: depth, flow, temperature, & chemistry
Freshwater Ecosystems
Flowing Water Ecosystems
Standing Water Ecosystems

5. Flowing Water Ecosystems
Rivers, Streams, Creeks, & Brooks
organisms are adapted to the rate of flow
Source: fewer animals and plants
Downstream: more plants & animals

6. Standing Water Ecosystems
Lakes and Ponds
water flowing in & out and circulating within
helps distribute heat, oxygen, and nutrients
Plankton: tiny, free floating or weakly swimming organisms
Phytoplankton: single celled algae
Zooplankton: feed on phytoplankton

7. Phytoplankton Zooplankton

8. Wetlands
water covers or is present at the surface for part of the year
Bogs: water collecting depression
Sphagnum moss
acidic water
Marshes: shallow wetland along river
Underwater most of the year
Cattails, rushes, and other tall grass-like plants
Swamps: flooded forest
Slow flowing water
wet year-round

9. Estuaries wetland formed when river meet the sea
Salt Marshes: temperate-zone estuaries dominated by salt-tolerate grasses
Largest one: Chesapeake Bay, MD
Mangrove Swamp: coastal wetlands across tropical regions, FL, Hawaii
Salt tolerate trees, Mangrove Trees, and Sea grasses
Florida Everglades National Park

10. Salt Marsh Mangrove Swamp

11. Marine Ecosystems
Photic Zone: well-lit upper layer of the ocean where photosynthesis can occur
Aphotic Zone: permanently dark; chemosynthetic autotrophs

12. Distance from Shore Intertidal Zone: exposed to water and air
sunlight and temperatures change with the tide
snail, sea urchins, sea stars, barnacles, crabs
Coastal Ocean: low-tide to the continental shelf
photic zone
kelp forest, snails, sea urchins, fish, and whales

13. Marine Ecosystem Coral Reefs: shallow water of tropics
Most diverse & productive environments
jellyfish & coral
Open Ocean: edge of continental shelf
90% of world’s ocean & 500 m -11,000 m deep
low nutrient levels only support small producers
swordfish, octopi, dolphins, and whales